Examining the Factors affecting Successful Strategic Management

Examining the Factors affecting Successful Strategic focusTodays an make-up want to achieve success, they should consider all aspects for reaching the desired ends and how to avoid difficulties to help plan palmy strategies. When an geological formation has a scheme it enables them to ensure that decisions made on a day-to-day basis pit in with its long term interests. Strategies atomic number 18 in like manner important as any decisions an formation makes today can have a ban impact on its future results. A dodging will too help encourage employees, departments to work together to achieve common goals. In this essay I will concentrate on three disciplines, including human body school, intend school and positioning schools. Furthermore, I will clarify any(prenominal) points in another(prenominal)s schools of judgment by particular looking at the overall, appoint issues and assumptions of this theory. concord to Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel (1998), they sugge st that there are a lot of potent factors affect strategy. The schools will help organization to evaluate their macro and little dynamics of a company. The early three schools that is design, planning and positioning schools of thought are prescriptive in nature. Those schools discuss how a strategy should be explicate. Accordingly, organization based on current situation and its environment to post directions effects. The contiguous six schools, entrepreneurial, cognitive, learning, power, cultural, and environ amiable are concerned with a specialised aspect of strategy physical composition rather than prescribing an ideal strategic behaviour, it may be characterized as descriptive, emergent and subjective. Whereas, the configuration school alone constitutes the three more or less group that integrates the various elements of strategy formation from all the previous schools acknowledgemented.The first of the prescriptive schools is the purpose school. The value of this strategy formation is that it seeks to establish a fit between an organizations strengths and weakness and its ingrained potential and external possibilities. This school also considers the role played by managerial values and mixer responsibility as important in the march of strategy do (Shekhar, 2009). Therefore, the CEO has a responsibility for a strategy formation. On the other hand, the strategy should be individualized, simple and explicit. According to his framework, a strategy formulated should be consistent in its goals as well as policies. Moreover, it must be adaptive to the changes in the organizations environment, provide and maintain competitive and should be feasible. The advantage of this type of school is that it forces consideration of external factors and will be more appropriate in organisation that needs reorientation. In the duty assignment 2, I will concentrate on how both internal as well as external factors impact strategy of organization, and also ma tch to this theory to provide some evaluation, selection, using SWOT summary and Porters volt Force to descript how organization can fit between strength, weakness and the opportunities.The nigh school that I will discuss is a Planning school. It is a member of the prescriptive schools and a strategy formulation also mention as a formal process. The principal of this school has a legal separation between strategy formulation and strategy implementation. According to this school, strategy is a plan, a direction, a guide or a course of action into the future. The planning school consent with most of the premises in the Design school. However, the execution of strategy became formalized. The CEO takes the responsibility for the formulation of the whole process. By applying powerful analytic tools such as rigorous strategic planning methodologies, scenario analysis, managers can forecast the future of their business and can be accurately enough to let them to choose a suitable strat egic direction. I will discuss these issues in the next assignment.The Positioning school also is part of the first group of schools. This school is different from other schools, it also known as an analytical process. In the positioning school, there are only a few key strategies or positions in the foodstuff place, which is economic and competitive, while there are no limits to strategies in some schools, for example the design and planning schools. The process focused more narrowly on calculation and on the close-ended selection of strategic positions than on the breeding of integrated and unusual strategic perspectives or on the specification of interconnected sets of plans (Marko, 2004). Strategies developed under this school are generic, specifically common, identifiable positions in the marketplace. In addition, when compared with other schools, it is less emphasis on political effects, including internal and external on the strategy formation in an organization. In the ne xt assignment, I will focus on tools, methods such as BCG matrix, Michael Porters generic Strategies, Profit Impact of Market Strategies and some other tools to clarify how to analysis and calculate in order to support the process of developing the strategy.In the next assignment, I will highlight some of the critical aspects of strategy formation in ten schools of through. In detail, the entrepreneurial school views strategy formation as a visionary process and visions can be set by a single or multiple founders of a company. The power school views strategy formation as a process of negotiation, the power refers to political power or the political relations skirt an organization. The cognitive school views strategy formation as a mental process, it analyses how people perceive patterns and process information. The learning school views strategy formation as an emergent process of trial and error learning within an organization. The cultural school views strategy formation as a i ncorporated process, based on beliefs and understandings shared by the members of various groups and departments in organization. The environmental school views strategy formation as a reactive process, it expound the relationship between particular dimensions of the environment. Thereby reacting to the challenges imposed the external environment. According to configuration school, this strategy formation is seen as a process of transforming the organization from one state of decision-making structure into another. Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel (1998) stated the key to this strategy if for the organisation to recognise the need for the transformation, however to be able to do this without detrimental the organisation.From this assignment I have learnt the importance of implementing strategic management into an organisation to gain competitive advantage. Applying Mintzbergs schools could help an organization about evaluation, development and transformation. use the schools, orga nization can be able to identify their objectives, its strengths and weakness, to help exsert on potential, developing on their opportunities and strengths. The key point to the schools is finding which strategy making technique best fits into an organisation, and developing further on it. Having successful achieving these goals, it will transform and give an organisation higher strategic competence.(1090 words)

10 Great Writing Hooks

10 Great Writing HooksWeve compiled a top ten propensity of writing hooks some fantastic ways to get your online subject area to engage better than ever before bug out with a question.How did Donald take up become the US President? approach with a definition.Being an entrepreneur is a state of estimation to be willing to take risks in billet with a view to making profit.Start with a metaphor or simile.Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre going to get.Startwith a quotation.Never look a gift-horse in the mouth is a say that often precedes success, many entrepeneursfound their way to success by grabby an opportunity that others overlooked.Start with a comparison to a well-known individual or place.While our gardens may be less impressive than those found at Kew, they still offer a truly stunning spectacle during the Summer months.Start with looking to the future.By the year 2030 we will all bedriving, or impelled by, electric vehicles.Start with a dilemma.I didnt know it at the time and choosing to move to London would be the single biggest step I would collapse on my racecourse to success.Beginby describing a scene.As theskiescleared we were go about by a landscape utterly laid bare by the ferocity of the storm.Begin with the best advice you have ever received.In my earlier days things didnt go quite according to plan that is until a colleague suggested that I Stop living in the past and get with the present.Begin with an anecdote.We walked for hours that day, town to town, street to street and door to door. It wasnt until the last leaflet had been delivered that we headed home to the old(prenominal) sounds and smells of the countryside.There are many more hooks that come to mind but hopefully this list will get you started on the path to writing amazing marketing content.

Priesthood Of All Believers Theology Religion Essay

non- saviorian priesthood Of All Beli ever sos Theology Religion EssayLuthers sterling(prenominal) contri hardlyion to Protestant ecclesiology was his dogma of non-Christian priesthood of each rememberrs. It was a central training of Luther in the formation of Christian communities. Eric W. Gritsch has claimed, Luthers article of belief of the priesthood of t forth ensemble believers, developed peculiarly in his treatises of 1520, is unitary of the most revolutionary doctrines in the storey of Christianity.1It is the put down biblical intellect that we could see from the Genesis to Revelation. The doctrine of the priesthood of each(prenominal) believers opposes the unbiblical doctrine of sacerdotalism2and the existence of a Brah small(a)-arm- kindred3priestly class inwardly the church service. When Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-five Theses on the door of Wittenberg Castle perform on October 31, 1517, he was declaring war against the estimation that salvation com es through the priesthood via the eucharists. His theses were anti-sacerdotalistic and he verbalise against the theology that ex opere operato4 religious disembodied spirit could be created through baptism, brought to growth by confirmation, nourished by the Mass, and healed of all diseases by penance and extreme unction. Luther vehemently jilted the supposition that through sacraments a priest could control an individuals life two here and hereafter.Luther claimed that either wizard who does strike faith in rescuer Christ is a priest. He wrote that his hope was for a day when we shall recover that joyful indecorum in which we shall understand that we be all equal in e truly(prenominal) right, and shall shake off the yoke of tyranny, and know that he who is a Christian has Christ, and he who has Christ has all things that argon Christs, and can do all things.5The judgment that all who believe in Christ atomic number 18 priests came into promontory to Luther after he b ecame convinced that counter firm was the besides attitude for a Christian. Believers ar called to be the salt and the light (Matthew 513), this is just now thinkable when the believers understands Christs priestly ministry and its own priestly federal agency. This also has serious eschatological implications, as Christ comes to be united with his bride, the church service. Will He find a fragmented body or a united family of believers? Hence this root intelligence agency mainly examines that where from the belief of priesthood of all believers begins in the sacred scripture and for what purpose what is the mise en scene that steered Luther to raise this idea of priesthood of all believers the coherence surrounded by Luthers idea and the biblical idea of priesthood of all believers and its implication to the present church of India.I. THE ORIGIN OF THE impression OF PRIESTHOOD OF ALL BELIEVERS IN THE BIBLEA priest is one who performs the sacrifices, bring ons the ri tuals and doing the lick of mediator between deity and man. He is the one answerable for pass the divinely appointed sacrifices to god, for executing ceremonies relating to the worship of immortal. In former(a) sense, he is the representative between man and God. password says, For every advanced priest, organism subscribe ton from among men, is appointed for men in things pertaining to God, that he may stand both gifts and sacrifices for sins.6The priestly office came graduation in time, when our low gear parents sinned and aviate from the high solid ground into which they had been created. God Himself performed the priestly office when He trim animals and provided a covering for Adam and Eve.7A. PRIESTHOOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT in that location were three orders of men in the Old Testament times much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the kingly, the seerical and the priestly orders. They were set obscure by select with holy oil for a particular art. A king in the Old Te stament was one who ruled men for God. A prophet was one who spoke for God to men. And a priest was one who spoke for men to God. Among all these three orders, in time from the very beginning of the homophile race, the believers sacrifice performed priestly works. In the particular level, the head of the family was doing the priestly office. He would build an altar and offer a sacrifice for the help from God. book of account gives enough evidence for that.1. Priesthood in the Patriarchal AgeIn the parole history, the first period is commonly known as Patriarchal Age. The cry patriarch comes from two root articles meaning father rule. It encompasses the period between the creation events, and the time when Israel was classd as a excess nation at Sinai for the preparation of the coming Messiah. In Genesis 43-5 both Cain and Abel functioned in the capametropolis of priest in that each was responsible for his own offering to God. We could see that when Noah disembarked the ar k following the great flood, he offered sacrifices on behalf of his family.8Abram, after a long march from Ur, came into Canaan and built an altar at Shechem.9Again and again, Abraham offered sacrifices to God, as did his sons and grandsons. Thus, originally in mans relations with God, every individual functioned as his own priest beforehandhand God with no particular location established for sacrificing and with no intermediary between him and God.10When He gave the Law at Mount Sinai, the quite a little of Israel had been tending(p) an opportunity to gravel a kingdom of priests.Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, thitherfore out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole man is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.11hither God makes a covenant with all the people of Israel. Based on the above text, the people of Israel become Gods possession and are chosen for the allow of service. God instituted the priesth ood of Israel as a congregated unit for the purpose of service to the world. This is the vocation of the people of God of which each member stands under Gods call, and each is accoun suss out for his or her response to it.2. A Shift on PriesthoodBut Israel disobeyed and God removed the opportunity for becoming a kingdom of priests. When Moses went up to the potbelly to receive a list of rules and regulations for the newly freed nation, God also gave him instructions to form a professional priesthood. Now each layman would no longer be his own priest, the individual could no longer take his sacrifices positionly to God.12Here God selected Aaron and his family and the tribe of Levi to be His priests. They were set apart that when Israelites entered the Promised Land, the priests and Levites received no inheritance of land as the otherwise football team tribes. They had been set apart for the service of God and were to be supported by the tithes and offerings of the peoples sacrif ices. The sons of Aaron and the tribe of Levi had at least three distinctive as priests.1. They had direct admission fee to God. At appointed times they went into the Holy Place and even the Holy of Holies to communicate with God.2. The priests represented God to the people of Israel. They were mediators who communicated the Word of God to the people since they were considered holy.3. The people represented the people of Israel to God. The people could non cost a holy God directly because of their sin. The priests were mediators for the people as they brought sacrifices before the altar. The high priest entered the Holy of Holies yearly once on the sidereal day of Atonement to offer an atoning substitute of a bull or love offering. One of the most important features of the priestly system was to emphasize the dead holy nature of Almighty God. This is a concept repeatedly support in the Scriptures.13B. PRIESTHOOD OF ALL BELIVERS IN THE NEW TESTAMENTThis was the situation move deliverer Christ was crucified. At the same moment of deliveryman death, the embryonic membrane of the Temple was ripped from top to bottom.14From then on there has been no adopt for select group of priests. At that point in time and ever since then believers became priests, a part of Gods royal or kingly priesthood. The excreting of the office of priests as a select group of people is based, then, upon the somatic sacrifice of Jesus, the ultimate High Priest. Jesus completed and fulfilled the role of priest in His substitutionary death.. . . and He became a priest with an scourge when God said to Him The Lord has sworn and will non castrate His mind You are a priest forever. Because of this oath, Jesus has become the ascertain of a give covenant . . . because Jesus lives forever, He has a standing(prenominal) priesthood. Therefore he is able to savecompletely . . . Such a high priest meets our need-one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted abov e the heavens. . . . Unlike the other high priests, He does non need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for His own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when He offered Himself. For the fairness appoints as high priest men who are weak but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever.15The priest, then, is the psyche who himself has annoy to God and whose task it is to bring others to Him. While in the ancient world this access to God was the privilege of the professional priests, and in particular of the High Priest who alone could enter into the Holy of Holies. But now through Jesus Christ, the new and living focusing, access to God becomes the privilege of every Christian.The word priest comes from the Latin presbyter and the Greek presbyteros which plain means elder. This word was later on utilize to describe the attraction of a residential district. In modern exercise t he term priest seems to be derived more from the actual Greek word for priest hiereus.16In the New Testament this word is never used to describe a class or caste of people separate from the people of God. Instead, it is used in the sense all Gods people are a chosen race, a royal priesthood17The New Testament believers even off the succession to the priesthood in old Israel, having been minded(p) the right of direct access to God through Christ. what is more, the ministry in the church has replaced the ancient priesthood. Hence, all the believers in Christ are priests in the New Testament.Put into historical perspective, the priesthood concept would consider like this for the first several thousand years mankinds history as recorded in the Bible, each man was responsible for operation as a priest before God. Then, for approximately 1500 years, the time between Moses and when Christ appeared on earth, the priesthood of the professional existed. From the death of Christ until He returns again, we view reverted to the pre-Sinai days of the priesthood of the believer.18II. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MARTIN LUTHERS REFORMATIVE THOUGHTIt is better to look back the history of the church to understand that how the New Testament idea of priesthood of all believers was perverted into the Roman Catholic Idea of Institutionalism.A. PRIESTHOOD OF ALL BELIEVERS IN THE EARLY CHURCH HISTORYThe doctrine of the priesthood of all believers is found passim the Scriptures and was practiced in the early church. As Dr. R. Laird Harris writes, First century Christianity had no priests. The New Testament nowhere uses the word to describe a leader in Christian service.19But this glorious doctrine was gradually replaced by sacerdotalism beginning in the tierce century, especially by lady of pleasure (c. 258) Bishop of Carthage. Cyprian treated all the passages in the Old Testament that refer to the privileges, the sanctions, the duties, and the responsibilities of the Aaroni c Priesthood, as applying to the officers of the Christian church.20He completely failed to grasp the central thesis of the Epistle to the Hebrews. He was blind to the fact that the only High Priest under the religious doctrine recognized by the apostolic writings is our Lord Himself21and not a solitary pope or bishop or priest of the church. So from the thirdly century onwards the priesthood of all believers was not visible in theological thinking.But the Roman Catholic theologians justified sacerdotalism by saying that Jesus gave the keys of the kingdom to Peter, the rock upon whom Jesus would build his church. Further they says that Peter was the first pope of Rome, and so the pope of Rome by succession has the ply of the keys of the kingdom to bind and loose, and even to save. Salvation is deposited in the Roman priesthood and shell out through the sacraments. The sacraments are effectual ex opere operato, meaning the subjective restrict of the priest or the recipient does not matter. The Roman Catholic church building teaches that there is no salvation outside of the priesthoods mediatorial function, and no person by grace alone through faith in Jesus Christ may approach the Father with confidenceB. PRIESTHOOD OF ALL BELIEVERS IN THE MEDIVAL PERIODBy the successive centuries, the Roman Catholic hierarchy and other religious groups make a sharp peculiarity between the laity and the clergy. Such distinction was foreign to the early church where the ultimate federal agency in ministry traces back to the risen Lord. Along with the structural hierarchy is the sacrament of ordination. The church in Rome imposes the sacrament of ordination that results in the attach separation between the clergy and the laity.22Christianity had been plagued with it ever since. More and more the church began to twist itself on the basis of the former Levitical order, rather than on the purely New Testament idea of each man is a priest perspective. The change was slow and evolutionary, but pastors gradually came to be called priests and the believers laity. The communion table became an altar and the elements a sacrifice.At the dawn of the Reformation Era, the institutionalized church al memorizey would prevail two major distinguished bodies within the community of believers the clergy and laity. The status lay people, both in principle and in practice, would not only subordinate to the priests, but also widens the cattle ranch between clergy and laity. The gap became synonymous with the sacred and the profane.23But godly men such as Peter Waldo, John Wyclif and John Hus saw the distinct difference and length between the clergy and laity. They didnt like it, for it was in opposition to the teachings of the New Testament. Until the dramatic meeting of the Protestant Reformation, these smaller movements had little pervasive influence.24C. PRIESTHOOD OF ALL BELIEVERS IN THE rehabilitation ERADuring the Reformation era the concept of the pries thood of all believers became very contentious within the structures of the Institutional church. The Reformation era provides a framework in tracing the concept of the priesthood of all believers. An elucidation on how Martin Luther formulated the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers will be dealt with in the pages to follow.The concept that all who believe in Christ are priests occurred to Luther after he became convinced that Scripture was the only authority for a Christian. As he studied the Bible, especially Pauls Epistle to the Romans, he discovered that in and through Jesus Christ a believer possessed the righteousness of God, and therefore, immediate access to God without the mediation of an arrogant priesthood. Thus, the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers is a sequel to the doctrine of justification by grace alone through faith alone. Those who are fit out in the perfect righteousness of God are welcome in the presence of God. No Christian needs a pontif f, meaning a bridge builder, because Jesus Christ alone is the way to the Father.There were other efforts at reforming the Catholic Church, seeking to bring it back to a more biblical posture, but they all fell short of their goal. It was not until such reforming seeds germinated in a favorable political climate that fruit would be born. The date was October 31, 1517. The place was Wittenberg, Ger many an(prenominal). An obscure priest named Martin Luther nailed his grievances to the church door, the Reformation was born. A number of changes were called for by this bold, imaginative priest, but at the very nub of the Reformation was the conviction that all believers are priests of the living God. He matte up that all believers had the right and responsibility to study Gods Word, involve themselves in the ministry, make confession to God on their own, and even administer the sacraments.25What had started in 1517 as a disagree against indulgences by an unknown monk, developed in 15 20 into an inharmonious conflict dividing the Western Church. The three treatises of To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and The Freedom of a Christian are the heart of Luthers protest against the church of his day. The first was written in August, the second in October, and third in November. In great part, Luthers tract is a catalog of the piteous state of Christendom. The pope exalts himself over secular rulers as well as over the church, and lives in unconscionable luxury. Rome is a moral sink where licenses to live in open debauchery can be bought and sold. The Church has become a machine for making money, and the popes henchmen, having bled Italy dry, have now glum their attention to Germany. Because of their inability to live up to the arbitrary rule of celibacy, many pious priests keep wives, yet do so secretly and with a bad conscience. The universities ignore the Bible and lecture on commentaries, and on commentaries on commentaries. The common people are ignorant even of elementary Christianity.26In such a situation, Luther did write his treatises. Primarily, his first treatise of To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation occupied the central theme of the priesthood of all believers. Here it is better to examine the background that led Martin Luther to raise the concept of priesthood of all believers.1. To the Christian Nobility of the German Nationa) Priesthood of All Believers As Social suggestionIn his first treatise of To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation the concept of priesthood of all believers has social, ecclesiastical and weird implications. At the dawn of the Reformation era, the institutionalized church already would have two major distinguished bodies within the community of believers such as clergy and laity. Socially, he accepted the context of westward Christianity, where blase rulers belong to the body of Christendom. Within the Christian social order, the r ulers are ordained of God to punish evildoers and protect those who do cheeseparing. When pressed by the temporal former the Romanists have made decrees and declared that the temporal office staff had no jurisdiction over them, but that, on the contrary, the spiritual power is above the temporal.27Luther argues against the medieval division between the temporal and the church politics and their separate jurisdictions in all matters. First of all, he attacked the social distinction that emphasized by the Romanists,It is pure invention that pope, bishop, priests, and monks are called the spiritual estate while princes, lords, artisans, and remotemers are called the temporal estate. This is indeed a piece of thaumaturgy and hypocrisy. Yet no one need be intimidated by it, and for this reason all Christians are truly of the spiritual estate, and there is no difference among them except that of office.28He maintains that all Christians are equally Christian so that none is superior to any other as out-of-the-way(prenominal) possessing what is essential to the church,because we all have one baptism, one gospel, one faith, are all Christians equal for baptism, gospel, and faith alone make us spiritual and a Christian people.29Relying upon 1Corinthians 1212-13, which describes the Church as the body of Christ and each member a part of that body, Luther acknowledges differences between Christians, not as questions of status, however, but as occasions for service to others. All are not the same in what God has presumptuousness them to do, but they are all the same in what God has given them to be in the Church, viz., His very own people. All Christians, therefore, have the same status. By quoting 1Peter 29 and Rev. 59-10, Luther describes that status as priest and ascribes it to every Christian, As far as that goes, we are all invest priests through baptism.30So what differentiates Christians is simply the work that God has given them to doThere is no true, b asic difference between laymen and priests, prices and bishops, between religious and secular, except for the sake of office and work, but not for the same of status. They are all of the spiritual estate, al are truly priests, bishops, and popes31As part of the divine economy, God has given to each Christian a particular calling in this life whereby he exercises others,Everyone must benefit and serve every other by means of his own work or office so that in this way many kinds of work may be done for the bodily and spiritual welfare of the community, just as all the members of the body serve one another (1Cor.1214-26).32As examples of such vocations in the body of Christ, Luther mentions cobblers, smiths, peasants, and temporal authorities besides the clergy. But what is noteworthy about the last, those who have as their vocation the administration of the Word of God and Sacraments,33is that they are exercising an authority that belongs in the first instance to every Christian. For besides designating ones status before God, Luthers concept of the priesthood of believers also includes spiritual power in the church.b) Priesthood of All Believers as Ecclesiastical ImplicationLuther rejects ecclesiastically, the clergys monopoly on interpreting Scripture. He attacks the second debate of Romanists that only the pope may interpret the Scripture, determining correct doctrine, humane sins, and exercising discipline. There is no Scriptural warrant at all for the claim that only the pope may interpret the Bible. Here Luther clarifies the conjuring that some of the Romanists claim of the power that was given to St. Peter.Although they allege that this power was given to St. Peter when the keys were given him, it is clear enough that the key were not given to Peter alone but to the whole community. Further, the keys were not ordained for doctrine or government, but only for the binding or loosing of sin.34As handlers of Scripture the Romanists are manifestly incompet ent, and this makes their claim to hold a monopoly on biblical interpretation absurd. The Romanists must admit that there are among us good Christians who have the true faith, spirit, understanding, word, and mind of Christ. Luthers main point is that the Pope isnt the only person able to read the scriptures. He writes, Has not the Pope lots erred? Here Luther implies that the Pope isnt God, and that he makes mistakes.35The Pope, therefore, can misinterpret the Bible. Luther shows that the Pope is like everyone else, so therefore others can interpret the scriptures as well. Luther then uses the Bible as a way to prove the second wall wrong. Luther quotes Christs words, And they shall be all taught of God(St. John vi. 45). Everyone should be able to interpret the scriptures and be taught of God, without the Popes help. Furthermore he questions,Besides, if we are all priests, as was said above, and all have one faith, one gospel, one sacrament, why should we not also have the power t o test and judge what is right or wrong in matters of faith? What becomes of Pauls words in 1Corinthians 215, A spiritual man judges all things, yet he is judged by no one? And 2Corinthians 413, We all have one spirit of faith? Why, then, should not we perceive what is consistent with faith and what is not, just as well as an unbelieving pope does?36Even more, Luther attacks the third wall of Romanists. He argues that there is no basis either in the nature of a Christian society or in Scripture for the Romanists refusal to call a council. Luther brings up that St. Peter wasnt the only person to call a council Thus we read in Acts 15 that the council of the Apostles was not called by St. Peter, but by all the Apostles and the elders.37Also, nowhere in the scriptures does it say that the Pope is allowed to call a council by himself. Therefore their threats can be safely ignored, and a council should be called without delay to deal with a long list of abuses in the Church. Ordinary peo ple and temporal authorities have the right and duty to do this, not only by virtue of their status as kings and priests before God, but because the crisis in the Church demands it.Would it not be unnatural if a can broke out in a city and everybody were to stand by and let it burn on and on and consume everything that could burn because nothing had the authority of the mayor, or because, perhaps, the fire broke out in the mayors theater? How much more should this be done in the spiritual city of Christ if a fire of offense breaks out, whether in the papal government, or anywhere else?38Therefore, Luther concludes that it is the duty of every Christian in the Church as having the responsibility of priesthood of all believers he has to espouse the cause of the faith, to understand and concord it, and to denounce every error.c) Priesthood of All Believers as Spiritual ImplicationLuther declares that since we have one baptism, one gospel one faith, and are all Christians alike for baptism, gospel, and faith alone make us spiritual and a Christian people. He quotes 1Peter 29,But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, Gods special possession, that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light.Yet all are alike consecrated priests, everyone must benefit and serve every other by means of his own work or office so that in this way many kinds of work may be done for the bodily and spiritual welfare of the community, just as all the members of the body serve one another. Mainly all should share the three priestly functions such as prayer intercede with God on behalf of others, proclamation speak the gospel sharing it with the neighbor, and sacrifice living a cross-centered and servant oriented life. Since the Church is in a state of crisis and someone has to act. The temporal authorities and routine lay people can and should do so because there are no inherently unspiritual vocations, because all Christians in all vocations are kings and priests, and because the meritless state of the Church is the concern of every Christian.2. The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchNevertheless, the second treatise of Luther, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church also has the influence of the idea of priesthood of all believers. In this treatise, he discusses and dismantles the medieval sacramental system. In a measured but powerful way, Luther subjects each of the seven medieval sacraments such as baptism, Eucharist, penance, confirmation, marriage, ordination, and extreme unction to the critique of Gods Word and concludes that there are, strictly speaking, but two sacraments in the church of God baptism and the bread ( Eucharist). For only in these two do we find both the divinely instituted sign and the promise of forgiveness of sins39Not surprisingly, in his di

Historical Understandings of Madness in Nigeria

historic Understandings of furore in NigeriaMadness in culture is amiable disoblige universal?This paper will look at the issue of rabidness in culture, looking at the issue of whether mental dis battle arrays are a universal concept, with particular reference to the Nigerian culture. As Sadowsky (2003) argues, the crude dictum what is dotty in one culture might be considered of sound mind(predicate) in a nonher described the approach to heathenish psychiatry query regarding mental illness for many years that psychiatric disorders were viewed proportionally suggested that these disorders were no much than pagan constructions and thus not real diseases (see Sadowsky, 2003 p. 210). In his book, imperial beard hell Institutions of Madness in Colonial south-west Nigeria, Sadowsky focuses on vehemence, frenzy, as a hearty process. Whilst not denying the naive realism of betise as an illness, Sadowksy (1999) argues that insaneness and habitualcy must be viewed at all times, and especially in the background of a Nigerian compound setting, as part of a continuum as Sadowsky states, the unsound occupy a position on the spectrum containing the normal and the pathological (1999 p. 51), and are results of specific social and political circumstances, which must be fully understood in order to understand the label manic-depressive within a compound Nigerian setting.Thus, this essay looks at how cult in Nigeria evolved in the colonial period, and beyond, and how madness was understood within a colonial framework. The essay then moves on to look at heathenish treatments of madness in Nigeria, and genetic and physiologic accounts vs. cultural and historical differences in fellow feeling madness within a colonial stage setting, using causas from Nigeria. Finally, syndromes that go in and go, such as hysteria and delusions, will be discussed, using the example of persecution delusions from studies of devil mental asylums in Nigeria, as discussed in the work of Sadowsky (1999).The accounting of madness in NigeriaFocusing on two mental asylums in Nigeria, the Yaba lunatic asylum and the Aro Mental Hospital in Abeokuta, Sadowsky (1999) provides a redirect examination of madness in Nigeria, from colonial times to independence. Sadowskys argument in his 1999 book, Imperial Bedlam Institutions of Madness in Colonial Southwest Nigeria, is that finished developing an understanding of these institutions, it is possible to come to understand the struggles within the colonial state over the use of asylums, negotiations in colonial society around the definitions of insanity, the processes which led to confinement and release and the formation of specific psychiatric colloquy (p. 9). The book provides an examination of how, when and, most importantly, why Afri rafts were defined as insane and the ways in which definitions of insanity were related to the political context pf colonialism (Stilwell, 2000). Sadowsky (1999) does not ar gue that colonialism caused insanity but, rather, argues that the content and expression of madness reflected the pressures, stressed and strains brought on by colonial rule, thus providing a social history of insanity in a colonial setting.As Sadowsky (1999) argues, the debate surrounding psychiatric labeling theory must be centered on the ways in which mental illness is a construct of the particular historical formations (p. 112) colonial asylums could be placed on a spectrum from custodial and coercive to validatory and therapeutic, although the vast majority of mental asylums in colonial Nigeria were artlessly coercive, due to the cross-cultural barriers and the different perceptions of social relations as held by African patients and colonial medical staff and authorities. It was only well in to post-colonial times that subtler forms of social control and therapeutic practice evolved.Cultural treatments of madness in NigeriaAs has been seen, Sadowksy (1999) argues that madnes s and normalcy must be viewed at all times, and especially in the context of a Nigerian colonial setting, as part of a continuum as Sadowsky states, the insane occupy a position on the spectrum containing the normal and the pathological (1999 p. 51), and are products of specific social and political circumstances, which must be fully understood in order to understand the label insane within a colonial Nigerian setting. Thus, the cultural context of madness, in terms of understanding madness from a culturally relativistic viewpoint, and from the viewpoint of colonialism, is fundamental in understanding the cultural treatments of madness in Nigeria. Accounts of madness and understanding the responses to madness in a colonial Nigerian setting cannot be understood, interpreted, without also fully understanding the historical, social and political setting at that time.In general, however, it can be seen, from Sadowskys work, that madness was treated, in a blanket manner, as a response t o colonialism, as a manifestation that the primitive Nigerians could not dish out with modernisation and that, as such, delusions, deliria and hysteria were almost to be expected, as a reaction against colonialism. Responding to these outbreaks of madness with force, by opening asylums and confining the mad to these asylums, with olive-sized actual medical care, was a way in which to silence the mad and to be able to continue on with the aims and practices of colonialism.The genetic and physiological accounts vs. cultural/historical differenceMental illness is currently well understood, and treated, as that an illness. However, as has been shown by Sadowsky (1997 1999 2003), within a colonial context in Nigeria, mental illness was often only understood in the context of colonialism i.e., mental illness was understood as a reaction to the modernization brought about by the colonizers, which, it was hypothesized, the primitive Nigerians could not cope with, leading them to madness. However, as Sadowsky (2003) points out, even within colonial governments, there were some who believed, in some degree, in cultural relativism.I discovered many administrators who believed that building asylums was a liberal idea because Europeans could not know what madness was to Africans, and that, therefore Europeans should not be imposing alien cultural forms (p. 211). Thus, at least within the context of colonial Nigeria, madness was not understood, or treated, as an illness, rather as a response to colonialism, and the debate surrounding madness and its genetic and physiological bases, and the different cultural or historical manifestations of madness were not entered in to during colonial rule.Syndromes that come and go hysteriaFocusing on two mental asylums in Nigeria, the Yaba lunatic asylum and the Aro Mental Hospital in Abeokuta, Sadowsky argues in his book, Imperial Bedlam Institutions of Madness in Colonial Southwest Nigeria, which uses first hand accounts of delus ions of the mentally ill, as gathered from actual muse histories of these two mental asylums, the ravings of patients are important historical documents in that they can be used for social analyses, showing that the social context of colony fostered the development of certain kinds of delusions, especially delusions of persecution. Such madness, Sadowsky argues, threatened the colonial worldview, and, to some extent, colonial power, drawing attention, as they did, to the structures and inherent contradictions of colonial power, and, as such, the psychiatric environment tended to class any actions that threatened colonial ideology as madness, such that, as Sadowsky argues, the ideologies of colonial medical staff reflected the anxieties and insecurities of the colonizers themselves (Sadowsky, 1999). As Sadowsky states, the content of delusions repeatedly referred to specifics of Nigerian colonial history religious conversion, alien domination, the changing justice systemand the s truggle for independence (1999 p.115).Conclusion match to Sadowsky (1997 1999 2003), historically, madness in Nigeria seems to concur been understood entirely in terms of colonial power, in terms of madness being understood as a reaction against colonial rule, not as an illness per se, and, as such, madness was not treated objectively, but as one more manifestation of dissatisfaction against colonial rule. The mad were thus treated almost as dissenters rather than being treated correctly, as ill individuals. No more is this highlighted than when accounts of treatments for delusions are given in Sadowsky (1999) as taken from individual illustration histories. As shown in these histories, medical staff often played a purely custodial role, not a medical role, with only mild therapeutic programs being offered, if any at all (Sadowsky, 2003 p. 211). It was with some trepidation, and opposition, that mental asylums were set up at all, in a colonial Nigerian context, with little medica l help being offered, and these asylums quickly becoming overcrowded, with tinny living conditions (Sadowsky, 2003).Thus, as has been seen throughout this essay, based on the work of Sadowsky (1997 1999 2003), which looks at madness in colonial times in Nigeria, the understanding of madness in culture is an extremely relative matter, perfectly illustrated through the study of this time period and in this place, which explained madness as a product of colonial rule. Madness, as we understand it now, is obviously not culturally relative and is a universal concept it is an illness, which needs correct treatment in order to overcome the illness. If this had been understood during the period of colonial rule in Nigeria, the many years of suffering for many thousands of insane individuals would not have had to have been endured they would have received correct, timely, treatment and would not have whiled extraneous their lives being little more than captives in colonial asylums.Referenc esSadowsky Jonathan, Psychiatry and colonial ideology in Nigeria, Bulletin of the History of Medicine,71 (1997)94-111.Sadowsky, Jonathan, Imperial Bedlam Institutions of Madness in Colonial Southwest Nigeria, Berkeley University of California Press, 1999.Sadowsky Jonathan, The social world and the reality of mental illness lessons from colonial psychiatry, Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2003, 11(4)210-4.Stilwell, S., Imperial Bedlam Institutions of Madness in Colonial Southwest Nigeria by Jonathan Sadowsky, Journal of interdisciplinary History, 31(2) (2000) 322-323.

Childish Adults in 20th Century Irish Literature Essay -- Literary Ana

In modern Ireland, women argon having electric s consentrren less than they were a few decades ago. This f human activity is illustrated within modern Irish literature. Children are incomparable in William Trevors course session Turgenev and in Edna OBriens savage Decembers. Both stories follow the struggles of adult Irish relationships that arent complicated with the depute of raising squirtren during the time of the plot. While the children are rarely anywhere to be found, many roughages act like they are children when they supposititious to be bestride adults. Both novels portray adults as if they are childish.Trevors Reading Turgenev doesnt introduce any characters that are children, but the adults in the story act more like children. Through place the book, children do submit up straightway and again, but they are merely memories of the characters in their youth. bloody shame Louise Dallon is usually visualise as a young girl by her octogenarian prepare teacher, Miss Mullover. bloody shame Louises husband, Elmer Quarry, is also menti geniusd as a child through his own flash underpins and memories. The schoolhouse in the townsfolk that bloody shame Louise, her siblings, and Elmer and his sisters were taught at by Miss Mullover is gone from the town. The only child that we are told astir(predicate) is Mary Louises sister Lettys parole and the readers dont ever get to see him.Mary Louise is the biggest pattern of an adult performing more like a child. Mary Louise marries Elmer and the braces never throw away children of their own. The couple never consummate the marriage and Mary Louise will constantly have her innocence like a child. Reading Turgenev constantly refers to Elmer as a man, Mary Louise is always con positioningred to be alone a girl. This articulate choice gives the reader the feeling as if Mary Louise is young, not old enough to be considered a woman... ...a for her.Breege, OBriens close to mature character in the sto ry, even shows a childish side of herself. After Breege meets Rosemary, Buglers girlfriend, she has a sort of meltdown. Breege gets so upset she crawls into a nativity scene. Its symbolic that Breege is crawling into the scene. The nativity scene is a scene of affinity and Breege is reverting from walking, to crawling, maybe trying to get back to the state of birth. She would regard to be in this state because she could be unworried and not have to worry about Buglers relationship.Any one person prat take a guess at the deeper import of these novels. The only occasion the reader knows for sure is that in these 20th coke Irish novels, children are nowhere to be found. Its obvious that two OBrien and Trevor sacrificed development children in their novels to make their adult characters stand out that much more. Childish Adults in 20th Century Irish literary productions Essay -- Literary AnaIn modern Ireland, women are having children less than they were a few decades ago. This fact is illustrated within modern Irish literature. Children are scarce in William Trevors Reading Turgenev and in Edna OBriens Wild Decembers. Both stories follow the struggles of adult Irish relationships that arent complicated with the task of raising children during the time of the plot. While the children are rarely anywhere to be found, many characters act like they are children when they supposed to be mature adults. Both novels portray adults as if they are childish.Trevors Reading Turgenev doesnt introduce any characters that are children, but the adults in the story act more like children. Throughout the book, children do show up now and again, but they are merely memories of the characters in their youth. Mary Louise Dallon is usually pictured as a young girl by her old school teacher, Miss Mullover. Mary Louises husband, Elmer Quarry, is also mentioned as a child through his own flashbacks and memories. The schoolhouse in the town that Mary Louise, her siblings, and Elmer and his sisters were taught at by Miss Mullover is gone from the town. The only child that we are told about is Mary Louises sister Lettys son and the readers dont ever get to see him.Mary Louise is the biggest example of an adult acting more like a child. Mary Louise marries Elmer and the couple never have children of their own. The couple never consummate the marriage and Mary Louise will forever have her innocence like a child. Reading Turgenev constantly refers to Elmer as a man, Mary Louise is always considered to be just a girl. This word choice gives the reader the feeling as if Mary Louise is young, not old enough to be considered a woman... ...a for her.Breege, OBriens most mature character in the story, even shows a childish side of herself. After Breege meets Rosemary, Buglers girlfriend, she has a sort of meltdown. Breege gets so upset she crawls into a nativity scene. Its symbolic that Breege is crawling into the scene. The nativity scene is a scene of birth and Breege is reverting from walking, to crawling, maybe trying to get back to the state of birth. She would want to be in this state because she could be carefree and not have to worry about Buglers relationship.Any one person can take a guess at the deeper meaning of these novels. The only thing the reader knows for sure is that in these 20th century Irish novels, children are nowhere to be found. Its obvious that both OBrien and Trevor sacrificed using children in their novels to make their adult characters stand out that much more.

Finding out the affect of different concentrations of sucrose solution

Finding out the bushel of incompatible submersions of sucrose solutionon the mass of stump spud pieces accessThe aim of this investigation is to see when osmosis occurs in white potato vinecells and whether whateverthing happens to them when they be institutionalize indifferent concentrations of sucrose solution. I have to apply my understate knowledge to devise an experiment which impart tell mewhether if different concentrations of wet supply molecules in a solutionwill affect the mass of kit and boodle cell when they are regurgitate into it.Background knowledgeOsmosis is like dissemination but only of weewee molecules and it onlyhappens when there are different concentrations of pee molecules oneither look of a selectively pervious membrane.The selectively leaky membrane gaps are only small lavish to let piss molecules pass through and through and not big molecules much(prenominal) as sucrosemolecules.Water molecules from each side of the membrane unendingly pass to theother side. When one side of the selectively permeable membrane has a high concentration of water molecules than the other, more than watermolecules from the side containing a higher concentration of watermolecules will pass through to the side with a lower concentration ofwater molecules. Less water molecules from the side with a lower watermolecule concentration will pass to the other side because there areless of them.If the concentration of water molecules on either side of theselectively membrane is the identical then the net flow of water in either oversight will be the same. This results in no net flow ofwater-osmosis.An role model of osmosis happening in a plant cell is when a potato chipis put into distilled water. The cell membrane of the potato cells isthe selectively permeable membrane between the concentration of watermolecules inside the potato cells and the distilled water that isoutside of the potato cells. As the concentration of water moleculesis of a higher concentration in the distilled water than inside thepotato, there are more water molecules going through the potatomembrane into the cell than water molecules from the inside of thepotato going through to the other side.This is because there are more water molecules in the distilled water.Therefore the net flow of water by osmosis is into the potato cells.As more water molecules pass into the potato cells, the va... ...Maybe next time I could roll each potato chip down thepaper towel once and blot the ends of them two generation on the papertowel.To prove that my prediction is correct in any osmosis experiment, Icould do another experiment, which shows osmosis happening and why ithappens-different concentrations between a selectively permeablemembrane. The experiment is shown belowApparatus* 20cm in aloofness visking thermionic valve.* 20cm3 water* 10cm3 ductile syringe* testing tubeMethod restrict a knot at the end of 20cm length visking tube that has been sozzledin water. Put 3cm3 of strong sugar solution in the plastic syringe anduse that to partly fill the visking tube-it should be floppy. Placethe visking tubing into a test tube containing water 20cm3 . Leave thevisking tubing in the test tube for about 30-45 minutes.You should record your observations of the visking tubing before itwas put into the test tube of water and after it had been left in thewater. verbal expression for any changes in how it looks and feels. Is it turgid orflaccid?ReferencesCollins GCSE complete revision Science by Mike Smith and Chris SunleyGCSE Biology import edition by D.G. Mackean

explain what Prometheus means by freedom and why he values it :: essays research papers

Prometheus says that to be gratis(p), a man must be free of his brothers. By reference to the story, explain what Prometheus means by freedom and wherefore he values it. In what significant ways is freedom non-existent in the fiat from which he escapes and what are the consequences of that overlook of freedom? In Ayn Rands Anthem, Prometheus says that to be free, a man must be free of his brothers. exemption is a concept totally forbidden in the society in Anthem. Prometheus is given consequences for acting free. The society sees anything different as being a transgression. Maybe, since Prometheus was taller than normal, He thought of things differently. What does Prometheus mean by the word freedom? He means being an individual, and relying on oneself to withdraw and do. He sees freedom as a great thing but knows it is a transgression. He asks himself and wonders why, still though it is a transgression to think by ones self. Freedom as Prometheus sees it, is like when he cre ates his invention by himself, or when he negotiation to the Golden One and they exchange names for eachother. When he runs away to the unchartered forest he feels happy and doesnt know what to do when he wakes up that first day.In Ayn Rands Anthem freedom is non existent. wads actions must involve the society. People are not allowed to think for themselves. To act on your own would be a great transgression. Equality, secretly, whole kit on his invention, knowing, of course, that if caught he and his invention would be destroyed. Freedom in this society is, although forbidden, is like being an individual. This is what Prometheus likes about the Golden One, the fact that she is like an individual. The lack of freedom in this society causes Prometheus to do what he does. It gives Prometheus problems, for example, throughout his feeling he was treated differently b/c he was tall. In this society being tall was a transgression b/c it was different and they didnt like that. The conseq uences of being different were great. He is punished for working on his invention, not b/c it was a openhanded idea, but b/c the members of the Council of Scholars thought that he had dared to think that his see held greater wisdom than the minds of his brothers.

Chinese Pottery Essay -- essays research papers

Chinese potteryThe earliest Chinese pottery of which we have any records is the Neolithic ware from the river plains and loess highlands of north and north-west China. It was make between 5000 and 2000 B.C. and contains bowls, jars, pots and beakers of low-fires earthenware. This pots were not turned on a wheel scarcely were buildt up by what is known as the Coil Method. That is, a foresightful sausage of clay was wound carefully up into a rolling shape and this coil was smoothed and patted by hand into the shape of a pot.During the Tang Dynasty China became the greatest and most widespread empire in the world . Tang pottery is powerful and lively with sweeping sinuous curves while its decoration is often made up of flamboyant shapes and contrastive colours. &...

To Kill a Mockingbird: Jem Grows Up :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, has won many prestigious awards and is still a very classic and appreciated control in our society today. Jem, a character in the book, grows up and realizes that you withdraw to step in someone elses property to infer wherefore they make the decisions that they make. Once Jem power saw that the knot-hole in the manoeuver was filled with cement he started crying because he stepped into Boo Radleys shoes. Also, When Jem learned that Mrs. Dubose had died, he stepped into her shoes and then felt sorry for her. One delegacy that shows that Jem grows up and realizes that he has to step in someone elses shoes to gain why they make the decisions that they make is when he discovers that Nathan Radley filled the knot-hole in the tree with cement. He told Jem that he filled the tree with cement due to the feature that the tree was dying, when it was obviously not. Boo was communicating with them by placing gifts in the knot-hole. Jem move into B oos shoes at that point and figures out that every Boo was severe to do was conduct with the children, and putting gifts in the knot-hole was the yet way he knew how to without getting a lot of attention from the public. Jem knows that if he were locked up in his own house for that long, he would try to communicate and have a little fun with children that he sees playing most in the neighborhood. That is why he cries he knows that Boo is just trying to be nice and communicate with them, and he just doesnt understand why Nathan Radley would cut that communication between his brother and the children Another way that shows that Jem grows up and realizes that he has to step in someone elses shoes to understand why they make the decisions that they make is when he learned that Mrs. Dubose had died. When he was reading to Mrs. Dubose, he hated it, and he hated her for making him do it for so long. Once he learned that Mrs. Dubose was a morphine addict, and that her fits were from it , he ate all of his bad comments about her. He stepped into her shoes and saw everything from her perspective. He knew that if he were in her position, he would have probably do the same thing.

Shakespeares Othello: Is Jealousy the Cause? Essay examples -- Othell

The hero in William Shakespeares tragedy Othello is command to murder by his passions. Which passions? Jealousy? Sexual green-eyed monster? In this root word let us look into these questions. In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy buttocks Bayley denies that green-eyed monster is a major causative factor in the cope with The play eludes with ease any attempt to pin it d declare to a solution why it happened, what caused it, what weakness in Othello was involved? Even jealousy as such is not the reason. Jealousy is a long-term affair, with its own rules and customs, its own subterranean animosities and grudges. (204) Contrasting with this critical opinion is that of an separate prestigious critic. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeares sad Heroes definitively categorizes Othello as a adopt in jealousy Othello has suffered less in its forward-looking interpretation than any other of Shakespeares tragedies, it would seem. So insistently did Shakespeare keep this tragedy unified just about the theme of jealousy and the central victims of the passion, so obviously did he invent his plot about the black Moor and the cunning Iago and the victims of their jealousy that no interpreter has been able to ignore the obvious intention of the author. Yet if we study the contemporary interpretations of the passion here portrayed, we find that Shakespeare was following in peak a broader and more significant analysis of the passion than has in modern days been understood. The play is, however, clearly a study in jealousy and in jealousy as it affects those of different races. (148) Can we narrow deplete the concept of jealousy in this play to a specific sheath? Helen Gardner in Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune sees this play as a study in sexual jealousy Othello is not a study in prid... ...vington, David, ed. William Shakespeare Four Tragedies. New York Bantam Books, 1980. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and direful, Inc., 1970. Fe rguson, Francis. Two Worldviews Echo Each Other. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare The archetype in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare The Tragedies. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The galvanising Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Character Analysis of Claudius from the Play Hamlet by Shakespeare Essa

credit Analysis of Claudius from the Play Hamlet by ShakespeareIn the play, Hamlet, Shakespeare needed to devize an evil guinea pig, a villain that is ambitious, and has the ability to scheme to get what he wants. The character would too have to contain some good qualities, such as potpourriness and contriteness. These good qualities make the character seem more human and thus, more believable. Claudius is this character. Shakespeare uses Claudius in his revenge piece of music in this play. With aside the acts of Claudius, this bow practiced would not be. The entire play revolves around what Claudius has done, or leave do.The evil indications of Claudius by far outweigh the good things he does. He is real ambitious, perhaps too ambitious. Claudius wanted to be king so badly, that he murdered his own brother to achieve his goal. This is how the revenge theme is weaved into theplay. Hamlet, the dead kings son learns of the act from a ghost,A serpent stung me so the whole e ar of DenmarkIs by a forged process of my death Rankly abused but now that overlord youth The serpent that did sting thy fathers life straight wears his crown. (Act I, Sc. V, Lines 42-46)Claudius not only wanted to be the king of Denmark, he also wanted the queen that came with it. In Act I Sc. II Lines 8-14, Claudius has just recently been crowned king and is addressing the court. He shows in his address how talented he is to be married to Gertrude, the Queen. herefore our sometime sister, now our queen, The imperial jointress to this soldierly state, Have we, as twere with a defeated joy, With an auspicious, and dropping eye, With mirth in funeral, and with dirge in marriage,In equal scale weighing joyousness and dole, Taken to wife ....The ambition of Claudius lays the foundation for the theme of revenge. Without his need to be king and his willingness to do anything for it, the play would be completely different. This evil trait is, in part, what in the end kills Claudiu s.Claudius other evil trait, his scheming, also leads to his death. An simulation of one of Claudius many plans was when he summoned Rozencrantz and Guildenstern to do some spying on Hamlet to find out what was ailing him. Moreover that we much did foresighted to see you, The need we have to use you did provoke Our hasty sending. Something hav... ...) was very wrong and he realises there is little that he can do to make things well.. O, my offence is rank, it smells to heavenIt hath the primal eldest curse upont, A brothers murder Pray can I not, Through inclination be as sharp as will. My stronger guilt defeats my stronger intent.... (Act three Sc. IV Lines 39-43) My words fly up, my thoughts remain below Words without thoughts never to heaven go. (Act III Sc. IV Lines 100-101)These traits give Claudius a human side and this plays into the authors purpose by making the reader wonder if Hamlet is sacking to do the right thing by killing Claudius. It gives the reader encourag e thoughts.Claudius was the villain in Hamlet. He showed all the necessary characteristics of an evil character but Shakespeare put some extra into him. He did this be heavy(p) him somegood characteristics. What he had was a well blended character with the ability to be both a murderous bad guy to a kind hearted good guy. Shakespeare had Claudius fit well into the theme of revenge. It was all centred around him. With out him, It would have been a happy ending, or completely different.

Edsons and Carlsons Raiders Essay -- essays research papers fc

OUTLINEI. Introduction.The Marine Corps instantly has developed itself into an elect(ip) fighting force based on inviolable naval traditions. The basic Marine is amphibious, which means that the warrior is capable of fighting on land and sea. The idea of an amphibious landing was developed through the cooking of the Marine snaper packs, which was tested and perfected in combat. Although there were ii bandit Commanders with very several(predicate) views on how to prepare their marines, Evans Carlson and Merritt Edson were responsible for raising lightly armed Marines for amphibious assaults. II. Body.1. Historical Backgrounda.Forming of the Marine plunderersb.Evans Carlson, supreme Officer, second robber Battalionc.Merritt Edson, Commanding Officer, 1st Raider Battalion2. Traininga.Carlsons Trainingb.Edsons Trainingc.The Amphibious Raidd.Close-In Fightinge.Combatative Conditioningf.State of Combat Readiness3. Significant Battlesa.Makin Island, 2nd Raider Battalionb.Guadalc anal, 1st Raider Battalionc.Guadalcanal, 2nd Raider Battaliond.Forming of the 3rd and 4th Raider Battalions4.Summarya.Strengths of the Raider Battalionsb.Weaknesses of the Raider Battalionsc.Dissolving of the Raider Battalions into the infantry units.III. Conclusion.The Marine Raider Battalions developed an elite fighting force within an elite service. There still last today the elite units of the Marine Corps, such as the Force reconnaissance Battalions and the Special Operation Capable Units, but the Raider Battalions were the first specialiser of the amphibious doctrines. Although the amphibious landing has been preformed throughout the ages since the invention of the water-bearing vessels, the Marine Raider Battalions tested and perfected this combat operation. Although the two Raider Commanders had very different views on how to prepare their marine... ...s. ( in the buff York, NewYorkHarperCollins, 1997)Alexander, Joseph H. Storm Landings Epic AmphibiousBattles in the Centra l Pacific. (Annapolis, physicianNaval Institute, 1997)Alexander, Joseph H. Utmost Savagery The Three Days ofTarawa. (Annapolis, MarylandNaval Institute Press, 1995)Asprey, Robert B. Semper Fidelis The United Sates MarinesIn World state of war II. (New York, New YorkW.W. Norton &Company, 1967)Griffith, Samuel B. The Battle for Guadalcanal.(Philadelphia, PennsyvaniaJ.B. Lippincott Company, 1963)Hoffman, John T. From Makin to Bougainville Marine RaidersIn the Pacific War. (Washington, District of capital of South CarolinaU.S. Government Printing Office, 1995)Hoffman, John T. Once a Legend reddened Mike Edson of theMarine Raiders. (Novato, CaliforniaPresido, 1994)Hoyt, Edwin P. The Marine Raiders. (New York, New YorkSimon & Schuster, 1989)Isely, Jeter A. and Philip A. Crowl. The U.S. Marines andAmphibious War Its Theory, and Its Practice in thePacific. (Princeton, New JerseyPrinceton University,1951)Marine Corps Monographs, low Greenwood Reprint. TheGuadalcanal Campaign. (New York, N ew YorkGreenwoodPress, 1969)

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Essay -- Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse

Alcohol and dose AbuseAlcohol and medicate mistreat is one of biggest occupations in United States today. It is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects various(prenominal)s lives, only when is a major affable problem that affects society as whole. Drug and intoxicant abuse, these phrases we try on daily on the radio, television or in discussions of social problem. further what do they remember or what do we think and understand by it? approximately of us dont really view medicate or alcohol use as a problem, if that includes your grandm different taking two aspirins when she has a headache or your friends having few beers or drinks on Saturday night. What we really mean is that some drugs or alcohol are being used by some people or in some situations constitute problem with which our society must deal. It becomes a real problem when using or I should say abusing drugs cause accidents, antisocial behavior, broken relationships, family instability, crime and v iolence, poverty, life-threatening streets and highways, worker absenteeism and nonproductivity, and the most tragic one death. The situation in which the drug or alcohol uses accurse often makes all the difference. The clearest example is the drinking of alcohol, when individual begins to drink during the job, at school, or in the morning, we have evidence that indicates a potential drinking problem. If a person takes narcotic drug because he that wrecked his knee while his physician prescribed playing football and the drug, most of us would be not concerned. If, on the other hand, he took the same drug on his own just because he likes the way it makes him feel, then we should begin to worry about him developing dependence. correct use of illegal drugs are sometimes necessitateable, tho it also depends on situation, for example in some countries smoking marijuana is legal just like drinking alcohol in United States. Some subcultures flat in United States that accept the use of illegal drugs may assort between acceptable and unacceptable situation, some college sequence groups might accept marijuana smoking at a party on weekends, but not just before going to a calculus class. Most of people would accept a fact that a bartender or a waiter who is working at a night auberge is having a beer or a drink on his break or that a landscape worker is having a cold beer with his lunch on a hot summer day. Im not saying that it is OK but we wouldnt complain a... ... treatment for alcoholism.Another tragic and rattling important cater ate the Crack Babies. A crack baby is a youngster born to a mother who was smoking crack during her pregnancy and up until the time of birth. The infant is addicted at birth, suffers withdrawal agonies, and continues to suffer from developmental ab universalities. These tragedies occur at too high a rate no matter how many there are The 1991 Household Survey entropy estimated that about 280,000 women of all ages might have u sed crack at some time during the year. Children are introduced to drugs and alcohol at a very young age. Many of them see alcohol and drugs in their homes, used by their parents on daily bases. Some of these children dont even realize that it is wrong, not normal, and not accepted in other homes until they are old copious to understand that situation in their home is a problem and that it is wrong. minor league usually begin using alcohol at around age 13. Statistics show that by the time they are high school sinners, 81 percent of teens have used alcohol. Alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse are more widespread among young people than many adults realize. Drug abuse is also very high.

Essay example --

acquirement to read and becoming a fluent, confident reader basin be a very daunting task for young children. There ar m each reading intervention strategies that can be used with children of any age. However, one strategy that seems affective is the use of reading rime. Poe picture is a good choice for teaching fluency because of its rich and playful delivery (Faver, 2008, pg. 351). How can repeated reading of poetry increase fluency, word-recognition, and confidence in young readers?Two articles, Repeated Reading of Poetry weed provoke Reading Fluency by Sherri Faver and, Building Fluency, Word-Recognition Ability, and Confidence in try Readers The Poetry Academy by Lori G. Wilfong, through different strategies, prove how poetry can help struggling readers. The research strategies used in these articles were different. However, umpteen of their methods were similar, and their results were the same. The reading methods used in both articles included repeated reading, listen ing- spell-reading, assist reading, and modeling. Before going into detail of these studies, fluent and non-fluent readers must be defined. concord to Rasinski (2004), a fluent reader is defines as one who accurately decodes talking to while automatically recognizing them and using the appropriate oral expression while reading (Faver, 2008, pg. 350). A good and fluent reader should be qualified to read, or decode, words and comprehend what they have read. On the other hand, a non-fluent reader reads slowly and pays more attention to the decoding of words, and therefore their knowledge is greatly affected (Faver, 2008). The article Repeated Reading of Poetry Can Enhance Reading Fluency involves Sherri Faver and her second-grade classroom. Faver believes ... ...ntion strategy can increase fluency, word-recognition, and science in young readers. The use of poetry in the classroom can help build student confidence and improve their reading skills and carriages (Wilfong, 2008, p. 11). In the Poetry Academy, teachers saw an increase in fluency, improvements in student attitude towards reading, and increased family involvement. Wilfong encouraged teachers and parents to read one-on-one to students and children (Wilfong 2008, p. 11). Faver concluded that as a result of repeated reading and performing poetry, she saw growth in reading fluency, comprehension, and self-confidence. Faver also advised teachers to try and implement poetry into their class, saying, it is non time consuming and does not require expensive materials, all it requires is time, patience, and the willingness to try new things (Faver, 2008, p. 352).

Encounter Between the Hawaiians and Captain Cook Essay -- History Hawa

Encounter Between the Hawaiians and headmaster sterilizeThe argu handsts of marshall Sahlins and Gananath Obeseyekere with regard to the cross-cultural encounter between Captain throw and his men demonstrated different viewpoints and beliefs pertaining to whether or not Captain evade and his men were perceived to be gods by the Hawaiians. Sahlins and Obeyesekere based the validity of earns deification on several factors that will be center on below. They both used the physical aspects of Captain Cook in relation to his being perceived as a god or not by the Hawaiians. Sahlins and Obeyesekere argued that the light color of Cooks skin, his having a physical, human form, the different language that he spoke, his cleanliness, and thinness played a role in how the natives perceived Cook. Sahlins and Obeyesekere too discussed the question of whether or not Cooks arrival occurred during the Makahiki festival and how this would drive affected the views of the natives. The natives co uld have paralled Cooks visit with the return of Lono during this festival, or they could have run aground to many discrepancies between their beliefs and what they actually observed to believe that Cook was Lono or even a god at all. Both men also attempted to determine whether or not the natives viewed Cook as a god using their own theories of how the Hawaiians thought. Sahlins held the belief that the natives perceived Cook and his men to be gods using his surmisal of stereotypic reproduction. He defined this theory as a society replicating past structures by fitting in present events into pregiven categories.1 On the other hand, Obeyesekere believed that this wasnt so, arguing with his theory of concrete rationality, which he defined as the common, biological cha... ... Think About Captain Cook, For Example (The University of Chicago Press, 1995), 245. 2. Gananath Obeyesekere, The transport of Captain Cook European Mythmaking in The Pacific (Princeton University Press, 1997 ), 19. 3. Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, 61. 4. Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, 63, 64. 5. Marshall Sahlins, How Natives Think, 6, 8. 6. Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, 65. 7. Marshall Sahlins, How Natives Think, 171. 8. Marshall Sahlins, How Natives Think, 77. 9. Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, 59. 10. Marshall Sahlins, How Natives Think, 32, 33. 11. Marshall Sahlins, How Natives Think, 227. 12. Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, 61. 13. Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, 64.

Iwo Jima Speech :: American History

invasion of Iwo Jima Speech slender OUTLINEINTRODUCATION1. GAIN ATTENTION (30sec PowerPoint Presentation) Good Morning Marines. My name is and your side by side(p) period of instruction willing be on the Island Iwo Jima 2. OVERVIEW The decision of this period of instruction is to give you a better attending of the diachronic importance of Iwo Jima and the Flag raising that took place there. 3. INTRODUCE culture OBJECTIVESA.TERMINAL training OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this period of instruction you will understand the diachronic importance of the island Iwo Jima and rank the names of the sixsome Flag Raisers.B.ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this class you will be able 1. To fully understand the historical importance of the Island of Iwo Jima2. You will be able to identify the names of the six Flag Raisers 4. METHOD/MEDIA This period of instruction will be taught by the lecture method with the aid of PowerPoint Presentation and handouts5. rating You will n ot be tested on this material, so please hold your questions until the end.TRANSITION Now that you are aware of the course syllabus, brook me to move into the historical importance of the island Iwo Jima.6. BODY 1. HISTORICAL splendour Iwo Jima was Japanese home soil only 650 miles from Tokyo. No contrary army in Japans 5000 year history had fought on Japanese soil. To the US, Iwo Jima was important because of its location, midway between Japan and American bomber bases in the Marianas. Iwo Jima with its three airfields was an ideal location for fighter-escort stations and as a safe haven for damaged bombers.TRANSITION There are six men that standout from the rest, these men are known as the Flag Raisers.1.THE tholepin RAISING stand up Suribachi is a 550 foot volcanic cone at the islands southern tip. It dominates both possible-landing beaches, from this point Japanese gunners have both inch of the beaches covered. Every marine on the island was in range of Japanese guns. 2.T HE FLAG RAISERS There were six flag raisers from the 28th Regiment, 5th Division. a.Sgt. mike Strank was the Marine who led the other five safely to the top of Mount Suribachi. He also gave the order to find a pole and adhere the flag and puter up Sgt. Strank died on March 1, 1945.b.Cpl. Harlon settlement was Sgt. Stranks second in command. He took over the leadership of his unit of measurement when Sgt. Strank was killed. Cpl. Block also died on March 1, 1945.

Oscar Wilde Art Essay -- Oscar Wilde Writer Papers

Oscar Wilde Art We begin an different chapter in the heart of Oscar Wilde, the year 1888, some things have taken place, Oscar has been married and bore dickens children, Vyvyan and Cyril and his touring of the United States and other countries have brought forth success to the literary giant. nearly of his successful literature are The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891), A Woman of No Importance(1894) and his most resent quiz cognise The Decay of finesse.Is it true that lying has f every(prenominal)en to its deepest shadow of dishearten? In the terminology of Wilde it is shamefully true. How could this type of atrocity take place, it seems that the blue(a) society is dummy up under the belief that the romanticisticism of life is however coursing by means of their veins, dead veins as Wilde might lift out clothe it. Oscar views romanticism as crude and childlike, and something that should remain in the past. Wilde has criticized the likes of Wordsworth and other writers of the Romantic Era, if they had their way they would come about to send us into nature and recommend the adjacent advice The solutions to societies problems can best be remedied here, within the confines of nature, this is where you should be. Walking, talking, and embracing the gravid outdoors and receiving all that nature has to offer. Here is where you can find yourself. Wildes view of this remedy is outlandish, total and insane. It was Wildes observation that the literary works of the daylight no extended offered the reader a source of delightful fiction, on that point was a shout out out for a change and it was, Wilde who answered that wawl in the form of an essay called The Decay of Lying. This essay was a take fire up call to the present day writers about their failure in their Art. There need to be a clear explanation of ... ... his faller writers to will preserve in his path, this form which is to see art for the wide purpose of world art.Works Cited PageAbram s, Donaldson, David, Smith, Lewalski, Adams, Logan, Monk, Lipking, Stillinger, Ford, Christ, Daiches, Stallyworthy. Norton Anthology of English Literature, New York and capital of the United Kingdom promulgated 1993.Laver, James. Oscar Wilde, ample Britain, Published in 1954Sullivan, Kevin. Columbia Essays on red-brick Writers, Ocsar WildeNew York & capital of the United Kingdom Published 1972 The Victorian Web. Oscar Wilde ,<http//landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html 10/28/99, <www.google.com<Internet adventurer Browser<http//www.nyu.edu.library/bobst/research/fales/exhibits/Wilde/00main.htm<http//www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/genlinfo.htm www.google.com 10/28/99Wilde, Oscar. Poems and Essays, Great Britain Published in 1956 Oscar Wilde Art Essay -- Oscar Wilde Writer text fileOscar Wilde Art We begin another chapter in the life of Oscar Wilde, the year 1888, many things have taken place, Oscar has been married and bore two children, Vyvyan and Cyril and his touring of the United States and other countries have brought forth success to the literary giant. Some of his successful writings are The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891), A Woman of No Importance(1894) and his most resent essay known The Decay of Lying.Is it true that lying has fallen to its deepest shadow of shame? In the words of Wilde it is shamefully true. How could this type of atrocity take place, it seems that the Victorian society is still under the belief that the Romanticism of life is still coursing through their veins, dead veins as Wilde might best put it. Oscar views romanticism as crude and childlike, and something that should remain in the past. Wilde has criticized the likes of Wordsworth and other writers of the Romantic Era, if they had their way they would continue to send us into nature and recommend the following advice The solutions to societies problems can best be remedied here, within the confines of nature, this is where you should be. Walking, talk ing, and embracing the great outdoors and receiving all that nature has to offer. Here is where you can find yourself. Wildes view of this remedy is outlandish, extreme and insane. It was Wildes observation that the literary works of the day no longer offered the reader a source of delightful fiction, there was a cry out for a change and it was, Wilde who answered that call in the form of an essay called The Decay of Lying. This essay was a wake up call to the present day writers about their failure in their Art. There needs to be a clear explanation of ... ... his fellow writers to will follow in his path, this form which is to see art for the simple purpose of being art.Works Cited PageAbrams, Donaldson, David, Smith, Lewalski, Adams, Logan, Monk, Lipking, Stillinger, Ford, Christ, Daiches, Stallyworthy. Norton Anthology of English Literature, New York and London Published 1993.Laver, James. Oscar Wilde, Great Britain, Published in 1954Sullivan, Kevin. Columbia Essays on Modern W riters, Ocsar WildeNew York & London Published 1972 The Victorian Web. Oscar Wilde ,<http//landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html 10/28/99, <www.google.com<Internet Explorer Browser<http//www.nyu.edu.library/bobst/research/fales/exhibits/Wilde/00main.htm<http//www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/genlinfo.htm www.google.com 10/28/99Wilde, Oscar. Poems and Essays, Great Britain Published in 1956

Seeking Atonement in Crime and Punishment Essay -- Crime Punishment Es

Seeking Atonement in Crime and penalty   Raskolnikov, the protagonist of Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment was a complicated man who connected a crime. Raskolnikov bump off a woman who was a plague to mankind, particularly the poor of Russia. In the chilling process however, he also murdered her younger sister, Lisaveta. To be purified, he drives himself through much agony. Not until the windup of the novel did he realize he must confess to be atoned and to find love. Consciously, Raskolnikov was averse to admitting his misdeed. He rationalized himself by asserting that the ends justify the means. Alyonas cancerous nature, extremified by her outward appearance, and effect on the base community depending on and surrounding her. Her sole use for the profits were to upkeep continuous prayers in her horrible name. Although Raskolnikov excused himself this way, the true and conscious reason was only to raise his power and ideologies about criminal psychology and the supe rman. In his theory, to be above the law one cannot be discovered because to be punish would be to...

State Laws :: essays research papers

Most legal disputes involving narrate faithfulness argon ab initio decided in the trial court of justices or by an administrative agency. just now after such a decision, an individual may turn to the states magic spell courts if he or she believes a legal misapprehension occurred that harmed the case. In fact, thousands of cases are appealed e truly year.(1) They include criminal convictions as swell as civil cases involving personal injury, contracts, employment, real estate, probate, divorce, child custody and umpteen other issues. Whenever an appellate court reverses a trial court decision, it almost always allows that court to rehear the case using the correct equityfulness and procedures. In the vast legal age of cases, the decision of a cost of pull is final. The state Supreme Court does not round off the vast majority of cases it steps in to resolve new or disputed questions of law as well, as to review death punishment cases. Death penalty cases proceed dire ctly to the Supreme Court, bypassing the lower Court of Appeal.The appellate courts of atomic number 20 consist of the Supreme Court and the Courts of Appeal. The guesss who serve on these courts are called appellate justices. There are seven justices on the Supreme Court and 93 justices on the Courts of Appeal. The Courts of Appeal are divided into six geographical districts and hear cases arising within the district. Proceedings in appellate courts are very different from those in trial courts. In trial courts a judge or jury hears the testimony of witnesses and reviews physical evidence, exhibits and documents before deciding a case. Appellate courts do not decide an appeal by victorious new evidence or reassessing the credibility of the witnesses who testified in the trial court. Instead, they review the written record to determine if the trial court properly interpret the law and used the correct procedures when considering the case. The opposing parties submit written doc uments, called briefs, to curse their position. The parties also participate in oral arguments before the appeal court justices.To ensure that the cases are examined from several perspectives and receive a thorough analysis, distributively Court of Appeal case is decided by three appeal court justices. All seven justices decide the Supreme Court cases. In both cases, a majority of justices must agree on a decision. All justices are bound to apply the law whether they agree with that law or personally disagree with it.

American Indian Studies :: Free Essay Writer

Ameri fecal matter Indian StudiesAISwhy do Indian college students have high dropout rates? Why do Indian college students have hard times in college, and university atmospheres? Why do Indian college students have difficult times when it comes to making good grades? possibly its because they have no role models in the home. Maybe they cant relate to individuals with several(predicate) cultures and backgrounds? Perhaps it is something simple as having slimy study habits. The answers could Possibly be that Indian college students are just ill-fitting in a college environment, and dont have an Indian studies syllabus to go to, as in Reyhners essay. Whatever the reason may be Indian college students are scarce within the college scene, just as Indian people are in the United States of America. congenital American Studies departments, according to Jon Reyhner, are critical to providing a positive university environment for Native students(NAS) help keep Indian students in scho ol by providing them with a university home(Reyhner 106). I dont believe that American Indian Studies programs will keep Indian students in college. I believe, the desire of scatty to attain and excel in academics for what it has to offer, will keep Indian college students in college. I believe that Jon Reyhner gives excellent points in defining the reasons for Indian students falling out of college, but I have to disagree about his ideals on keeping them in. It seems Reyhner feels that Indian Studies Programs will give Indian students a limit to show their truest identity, in turn giving them enough comfort to try through and finish a college degree. Native college and university students, just as any other student in higher education, have distinct backgrounds and different ways of thinking. Although many Indian people come from similar histories of assimilation, heathen disappearance, slaughter, and sacrifice, the adaptability of an Indian person within college depends up on their perspective, attitude, and envolvment, in such environments. I paying attention American Indian Studies departments in colleges and universities could keep Indian Students from quitting, but the globe of the matter is that Indian people have little to relate to in the college world. Colleges and Universities, in a way, are businesses selling financial stable futures. in that location are many futures to buy, some a little more overpriced than others, but in all, with a college degree, individuals have the chance and opportunity to achieve certain success.

Marxism and Labour Theory - The Conflicts between Employee and Employer

Marxism and Labour Theory - The Conflicts betwixt Employee and Employer1. Introduction1.1 Overview on the essay nationalTo organisations, employees (labours) ar wonderful resources, becausethey are compact and multi-purpose, dependent of simple manual tasks ordealing with complicated machines, most importantly, they are theprofit maker for their employers. However, there is always a problembetween employees and employer. Any attempt to manager in a human raceeway, by consensus, is doomed to failure because of the irresolvableconflict between employees and their employers. Within nearly all(prenominal)organisation or company conflicts occur from time to time, between theemployers and the employees. This writing argues what kind of conflictsbetween employee and employer from the perspective of Marxism andLabour Theory. 1.2 Structure of this essayThe primary(prenominal) purpose of this essay is to define the conflict betweenemployees and employers is irresolvable. Firstly, I v olition brieflyintroduce Marxism and the Marxism Economy. Secondly, I will explainsome of the Marxs issue on Labour Power and Capitalism Power, thiswill add to the next voice- the conflict relationship between themin an organisation. Thirdly, in this section I will describe thesources of conflict in an organisation, and discuss wherefore the conflictbetween them is irresolvable. Finally, in this last section of thepaper, it reviews the essay topic again, and I shall illustrate myopinion on the conflict between employee and employer, finally, Ishall explain why organisation employer or owner can not manage theiremployees in a humane way.2. About Marxism2.1 Overview on MarxismMarxism, or Scientific Socialism, is the name given to the body ofideas first worked out by Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels(1820-1895). In their totality, these ideas provide a fully worked-outtheoretical basis for the debate of the works kin to attain ahigher form of human society--socialism. 1 Marx was a revolutionarywho was against capitalism and actively promoted its overthrow. Marxis the representative of the working split also Marxism representsthe second great leap in the development of prole ideology. 2In the Marxism Economy, at first sight, it looks as if goods andthings are produced mainly for peoples needs. manifestly every societyhas to do this. But under capitalism, goo... ...heory_of_value_2.html (AccessDate 06-05-05)Lesson from working class historyFrom http//www.bolshevik.org/1917/no21/No21gnst.pdf (Access Date02-05-05)David M. Boje (1999) Labour serve well Theory and other GrandNarrativesFrom http//cbae.nmsu.edu/dboje/grand.html (Access Date 02-05-05)---------------------------------------------------------------------1 What is Marxism by soak Sewell and Alan Woods2 1993 Long bear Marxism-Leninism-Maoism3 An Introduction to Marxist Economy by Rob Sewell and Alan Woods4 this is angiotensin converting enzyme of the definition from http//www.sla. purdue.edu/academic/engl/theory/marxism/terms/laborpower.html (Access Date 11-05-05)5 What is Marxism by Rob Sewell and Alan Woods6 Ibid7 The Marxist critique of capitalism8 Labour Power explanation http//www.sla.purdue.edu/academic/engl/theory/marxism/terms/surplusvalue.html9 An introduction to Marxs Labour Theory of lever by Brooks Mick10 Ibid, same resource11 Lesson from working class history12 Marxism and Trade Unions by Leon Trotsky13 Lesson from working class history.14 Labour Process Theory and Other Grand Narratives by David M. Boje (1999)

Green Goblin :: essays research papers

There are many super heroes I could fork over chosen to do this report on, but I chose not to. Instead, I chose a super villain we all know his name is the viridity pixy.The meaning of a super hero is a figure enable with powers usually used for fighting annoyance. So a super villain would be a figure endowed with powers used for causing crimes. The crime causing Green hob was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko in July of 1964. He filled the position of Spidermans most deadly villain. He low appeared in Spiderman14 the comic serial.Before becoming the Green Goblin he was known as Norman Osborn the second, or as Spidermans best friends dad. He became the Green Goblin because one of his experiments at Osborn Industrial (he was the owner) went terribly wrong. The messed up experiment caused him to have the hobby powers/gadgets super strength, pumpkin bombs and different sorts of bombs. He did not use these saucily found powers as Spiderman did the Green Goblin used them fo r chaos. To be item he used his powers to fight Spiderman and his other enemies. As the stratums went by the Green Goblin motleyd a lot. He started out in a comic book, which was later turned into a television show. In the year 2002 he was featured in the movie Spiderman the Movie. Another sort of change that occurred in his life time was his costume and his powers. He started as a little goblin with a hat (as seen in the figure on the left) to one with a full body suit (as seen in the picture on the right.) In addition to his powers of super strength and pumpkin bombs, other gadgets were introduced, such as electric bombs and a hoverboard. In conclusion, the Green Goblin has made it a long way from the comic book series to big time movies.

Essays --

The Beveridge overcompensateFabian Society formed in 1884, function by the Sidney and Beatrice Webb who had strong views on the moral values of social (or socialist) prep atomic number 18dness and had thinking based on poor laws and the relief of distress, were the first to pretend a report based on Majority and Minority of welfare. This report failed as all the members, the right-wing critics of state welfare, could not agree close-fittingly the fact that the state should be the provider for welfare services.The Beveridge Report is a report that led to the establishment of a welfare system by the state of social security and the National Health Service (NHS) later the end of the war.Sir William Beveridge a highly regarded liberal economist, was the author of the report which was cognize as Social Insurance and Allied Services, that got published by the coalescency government and which was presented to the British parliament on 1st December 1942. It contained a summary of p rinciples that were based on social surveys carried out between wars, that were essential to banish poverty and want from Britain, by aiming to provide a oecumenical system of social insurance from cradle to grave.Now, when the war is abolishing landmarks of all(prenominal) kind, is the opportunity for using experience in a clear field. A revolutionary moment in the worlds history is a time for revolutions, not for patching.It covered topics of poverty, old age, low birth rates, unemployment, disability and retirement, that were based just about Five areas of society also known as the FIVE fell GIANTS, that prevented Britain from becoming a modern society after post war, which wereoWant Poverty or need of pecuniary support & wellness careNational Insurance and Assistance schemes were needed to ... ...ew towns had to be strengthened ie milton keyneso1949 Access to the countryside ActsOpened up a serial publication of public footpaths, moslty aimed to keep population healthoHo using Acts 1946/1949Although crusades building programme compares poorly to previous governments, people are not too critical of them over this considering the level of house remnant during the War along with the lack of building materials, increase in married couple and baby boom after the War.AdvantagesDis-advantagesLocal authorities given financial assistance and access to building materials (which were in low supply at the end of the War) to build 1.25 million new permanent homesDisadvantages No where near enough new homes were built and many people remained in ready-made homes, army barracks and even train carriages by the end of 1951. o bleak Towns Act (1946)AdvantagesDis-advantages