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Case Analysis Schenck V. United States - 852 Words

Shivani Patel Case Brief Schenck V. United States 1. Case Title: The title of the case is Schenck V. United States; it took place in 1919. The plaintiff is the United States and the defendant is Charles Schenck. 2. The law: This case involves the Espionage Act and the first amendment. United States convicted Schenck on the basis of violating the Espionage Act, specifically Section 3, which states when the United States is at war, people can not willingly cause or attempt to cause disloyalty and refusal of duty in the military or naval forces of the United States. On the defendant side, Schenck argued that his First Amendment right, specifically the freedom of speech provision, was being violated. 3. The Facts of the Case: The Espionage Act was passed in 1917 as a result of the United States involvement in World War I. In the name of national security, the American government passed different statutes that restricted provisions of the First Amendment. During this time Congress also passed the War Revenue Act, which increased income taxes to help fund the war. The Selective Service Act of 1917 also made it mandatory for men ages 21 to 30 (18 to 45 by 1918) to enlist in the war. In response to these laws and regulations, Schenck, a member of the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, mailed leaflets to draftees urging resistance of the draft. Schenck, however did not actually get in the way of the military draft, although Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes claims that heShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties During World War II1665 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rights of the individual. While some may say that the no exception stance may put our national security at risk during war time, No exception is the only stance that is constitutionally acceptable as proven through the analysis of the different stances by examining related cases, text, and the constitution. There are five main positions on how the courts should view civil liberties during war time: success, no exception, maybe, dilemma, and living constitution. â€Å"Success† is the â€Å"whatever it takesRead MoreThe Debate Over The Legalization Of Abortions1172 Words   |  5 PagesThis is not a fictional story, but instead an illustration of Hill v. Colorado, one of the many anti-abortion protest cases that would make it’s way to the Supreme Court’s attention from 1990s to the early 2000. The legalization of abortions has long been a controversial subject since it was found to be constitutional in Roe v. Wade legalizing abortions on Jan 22, 1973. Several court cases including: McCullen v. Coakley and Hill v. Colorado to name a couple, have challenged the laws concerning protestingRead MoreThe Writ of Habeas Corpus and War on Terror in the United States2183 Words   |  9 Pagescelebrated and venerated of the English law. The US constitution therefore carried this important aspect and thus federal courts were authorized to issue writs of habeas corpus in all cases where a person may be restrained of his or her liberty in violation of the constitution, or any treaty or law of the United States. Chemerinsky (1987) in a detailed study of the operation of the writ of Habeas Corpus says that there are four major considerations in the issue related to the writ. There is the needRead MoreEssay on free speech2862 Words   |  12 Pagesalert one to the difficulties latent in such spare language. Insofar as there is likely to have been a consensus, it was no doubt the common law view as expressed by Blackstone. The liberty of the press is indeed essential to the nature of a free state; but this consists in laying no previous restraints upon publications, and not in freedom from censure for criminal matter when published. Every freeman has an undoubted right to lay what sentiments he pleases before the public; to forbid this, isRead MoreEssay abo ut History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words   |  31 Pagesquestions: 1. Why and how did American society industrialize during the late nineteenth century? 2. What were the causes and consequences of urbanization? 3. How did political change and progressive reform gain momentum after 1900? 4. How did the United States emerge as a world power by 1918? 5. What tensions between the old and new existed in the 1920s? The 1920 Census revealed that a majority of Americans (51 percent) lived in urban areas for the first time. Part 5 covers the accelerating trends thatRead MoreThe Uniform Code of Military Justice Limits Speech Rights of American Military Service2600 Words   |  11 Pagesspecifically criticized articles. These are Article 134; Article 133, Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman; Article 92, Failure to Obey Order or Regulation; and Article 88, Contempt Toward Officials. [8] I. Free speech court cases that have resulting UCMJ Regulations. U.S. v. Howe †¨In 1967, 2nd Lt. Henry H. Howe was convicted in a court martial for using contemptuous words towards the president and behavior inappropriate for an officer and a gentleman. This resulting from his participation duringRead MoreEssay on World War One1910 Words   |  8 Pagesacts came with the sinking of several American ships in February and March 1917. At about the same time, newspapers published an intercepted telegram from German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann, proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the United States. Mexicos reward would be the recovery of territory it had lost in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Wilson, though reelected in November 1916 on the slogan He kept us out of war, asked Congress on April 2 for a declaration of war. Four days laterRead MoreAmerican School of Thought5349 Words   |  22 Pagesand she lives more than three years and more , she use to harm ‘A’ then ‘A’ can divorce ‘B’ and we said it is law , but according to realist school it is not law but it is only law. It is the pre assumption of court decision about the fact based case with out consent of court; it is the source of law. All the aspect which influences the judge decision should be studied by the jurisprudence. The decision mad e by judge is the result of influencing aspects and judge may be influence by the psychological

Effective Necessities of Business Communication

Question: Discuss about the Effective Necessities of Business Communication. Answer: Introduction This report is planning to comprehend the necessities of communication in interpersonal associations and how to create them. The report would begin with a reflection that would cover the examination of the outcomes of five diagnostic tools Johari Window, Communication Style Questionnaire, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, Interpersonal Communication Skills test and Listening Skills Test. After identification of the communication regions where I do not have expertise, a literature survey would be done to help build up those abilities, alongside an action plan at last. Diagnosis and Reflection All through our coursework, we have experienced different modules that have requested that we think about the discoveries and on what we have learnt. In this specific module, we were managing interpersonal communication and its styles. We needed to recognize our individual communication styles and where we needed in it. Diagnosing my communication style demonstrated to me that I am profoundly assertive and aggressive. While communicating my needs, inclinations and purpose of perspectives I am constantly immediate. Nonetheless, I feel it is not the case that I give no idea to other individuals' emotions. I am more assertive and I express in a way that is obliging of what others may feel. Being aggressive helps me in picking and settling on choices for others (Kooij et al., 2016). I attempt to be straightforward however much as could reasonably be expected, by being immediate. I am self-improving and in the meantime, I share in circumstances where no one but I can win. I request my own particular manner, while feeling honest and unrivaled. For the most part, the result of circumstances I share in are that my objectives are accomplished and my rights are maintained. My fundamental conviction framework is that I need to secure myself. The assertiveness in my communication circumstances are that I pick and settle on choices for myself (Hasson, 2015). I am minding and delicate with my genuineness while being immediate. I am likewise self-regarding, self-expressive and clear. I attempt my best to change over win-lose circumstances into win-win ones with my trading off and arranging aptitudes. The majority of the circumstances I feel certain, self-regarding, objective situated and esteemed. On occasion, I likewise feel a feeling of achievement. I do my best to make other feel esteemed and regarded. It thusly makes other view me with deference, trust and comprehend where I stand. In any circumstance where I share, the result is controlled by above-board arrangement. I r egard my individual rights and in addition others. My fundamental conviction is that I have a risk to guard my own particular rights. I have regard for others however not basically for their lead. Checking for my interpersonal communication aptitudes, I found that I have a normal level of insightfulness. My outcomes demonstrated that I some of the time think that it is hard to decipher the words and activities of other individuals and see things from their angle. It has on occasion, brought about misconception. Understanding is an essential piece of interpersonal communication abilities (Lane, 2016). In addition critical is the capacity to place myself in the shoes of other individuals and comprehend what they feel with the goal that I can have a superior perception of their emotions. I require a tiny bit more knowledge that would help me in telling in the event that somebody does not comprehend what I am stating, or on the off chance that they are feeling awkward with respect to a specific theme so I can alter my conduct in like manner. Despite the fact that I can typically judge what others are feeling and thinking similarly well, there is still some opportunity to get bette r. There comes times when I wind up considering the message I am putting crosswise over as opposed to the way it is gotten. With some time and experience, I would have the capacity to enhance my knowledge encourage. Assertiveness is a big part of my communication style. It overcomes the aggressive side of me, and helps in negating the hurtful or negative influences. While being assertive, I think for myself, ask for what I need and speak up so that I can protect my closed ones and myself. I am confident and positive about ideas, my opinions, talents and myself, and express the same in the service of my values. I act on my aspirations and exercise abilities, along with recognizing each person as being expressive and affirmative in their own unique way. By practicing assertiveness, I practice self-esteem, citizenship and valor. I understand that it would take a lot of practice and patience to comprehend what would be good for every one of us (Verderber, Verderber Sellnow, 2013). At times, it had appeared to be too simple, and I moved away from it and became less assertive. We are bombarded continually by the outside forces that attack or assertiveness, so it is imperative that we keep ourselves f ed with good habits and thoughts. Listening is the other face of the communication coin (Fiumara, 2013). Experiencing my listening abilities results, I comprehended that I am moderately great listener with normal tolerance level. At the season of associating with others on the off chance that I wish to add anything to the discussion or simply need to move the collaboration along, I attempt my best to sit, listen and sit tight for my opportunity to contribute. My listening aptitudes change occasionally, however, the majority of the circumstances I am tolerant. I have comprehended that I have to practice this attribute of listening more, as it would help me in diminishing the similarity of interfering with others or disturb the stream of discussion on the off chance that I have to make purpose of being patient. Impression of what other individuals think about me exhibited to me that everybody see me as what I am, demonstrating that I do not pretend. I take a gander at myself as being versatile to circumstances, neighborly to individuals, autonomous and tolerant about my life. I likewise regard myself to be quiet and sensible, which individuals do not concur with. Then again, I did not see myself as significantly minding and tried and true, which other individuals think me to be. Recently, I was a part of two circumstances that demonstrated the need in my communication strategies and the territories requesting change. My roommate is slob and has continued to be one even after I have asked him several times to wash his dirty dishes in the sink and get rid of the trash so that the apartment stops smelling like a landfill. One day he came home after work and was being vocal about how he has nothing to do. I erupted and started a tirade about how lazy he is and how he resembles a pig because of his habits. Another situation was when I saw my brother getting depressed over not getting a video game, thinking it is because he got poor marks in his exam. Communication, being a necessary piece of everybody's life, is something that can't be made due without. Both the types of communication verbal and non-verbal begin during childbirth and finishes at death. Communication stretches out to transmitting of data and learning among each other, and in the meantime identifies with people regarding connections, families, organizations and nations (Castells, 2013). Powerful communication assumes a critical part in enhancing the general personal satisfaction. It sets up a connection between people, supports spirit and wellbeing and advances upgraded interpersonal communication as one of the key parts of value life (Koprowska, 2014). Powerful communication has different perspectives, and keeping in mind that diagnosing my style of communication I discovered I need essentially in the field of effective listening and am overtly aggressive in my communicative style. It has been stated by Infante Wigley (1986)that aggressive communication traits incorporate the usage of physical or typical drive to pound a locus of that may consolidate another person's body, material effects, self-thought, positional points of view, or practices.The theory of aggressive communication was founded by Rancer Avtgis (2006),in which they expressed that argumentativeness is a constructive trait, though aggressiveness is viewed as a damaging trait. Argumentativeness incorporates individuals showing and securing positions on debatable issues with the locus of strike being the circumstance of others. It is a capable sort of communication in which the usage of prudent and nonthreatening messages are assessed as more feasible and appropriate than orally aggressive messages. While, verbal aggressiveness is an awkward sort of communication that is seen as less appropriate than nonverbally aggressive messages (Myers, Brann Martin, 2013).Verbal aggressiveness is thought to b e disadvantageous to business results (Krah, 2013). Indirect interpersonal aggressiveness is categorized by Ingram (2014) as bringing about harm to others without the usage of very close communication. Or maybe, individuals fall back on noxious communication acts, for instance, spreading bits of prattle, offering out the confidences of others, keeping the spread of basic information to others, undermining the attempts of others, and destroying the individual property of others. Inquire about on verbal aggressiveness has demonstrated its negative impact in nostalgic associations, brotherhood associations, and family associations (Foulk, Woolum Erez, 2016). Verbal aggressiveness has been shown to be connected with self-respect (Song et al., 2015).The focal thought of this sort of interpersonal communication is that it can influence an assortment of materials, for example, collection of individual, material belonging, conduct, self-idea and others (Sollitto Cranmer, 2015). Listening viably gets to be distinctly troublesome in light of the fact that individuals shift in their communication abilities and in how obviously they convey what needs be, and frequently have diverse needs, needs and purposes for associating. The distinctive sorts of cooperation or levels of communication additionally adds to the trouble (Brownell, 2015). Nonetheless, there is a genuine qualification between just hearing the words and truly tuning in for the message. Listening includes two sorts of intellectual preparing:top-downandbottom-up(Oh Lee, 2014). In thetop-downprocessing, the audience effectively recreates the first importance of the speaker by using schemata (earlier information) of the specific circumstance and the circumstance. For this situation, setting alludes to such things as information of the subject, the speaker or speakers, and their relationship to the circumstance and in addition to each other and past occasions. These are utilized to envision, anticipate, and induce significance on the premise of the decoded sounds as hints (Vandergrift, 2015). Thebottom-upprocessing model, then again, sees tuning in as a straight procedure, from the littlest important units (i.e. phonemes) to finish writings. Accordingly, the audience disentangles various phonemes and connections them to shape words. The words she hears are then consolidated into expressions, and these expressions are associated with frame conditions, which make up sent ences. This gathering of sentences assembles an entire content, the significance of which can be translated by the audience by method for her insight into linguistic and syntactic tenets (Birch, 2014). It is for the most part concurred that these two procedures are essential and work all the while. In this way, in the instructing of listening it is critical to incorporate not just base up preparing aptitudes, for example, the capacity to separate between insignificant sets, perceive stretch or distinguish word limit, additionally beat down handling movement, i.e. utilizing what the learners definitely know to appreciate what they listen. Heidegger (1971) scrutinize that talking and listening are generally seen as oppositional, and not of a similar procedure, pervades the dialogs of tuning in the writing. He proposed that listening is crucial to the way of being. It is through dialect and talk that people reveal reality and the experience of being on the planet to each other. Understandings of the way the world is experienced originated from attunement to dialect and what is comprehended from implications installed in dialect. Expanding on the commitments of Heidegger, Hyde (1994) made a model of listening legitimately for interpersonal communications through the examination of being. The idea of self and world rise together through implications made in verbose collaboration including tuning in. These creators battled that listening is a limit, a potential that is acknowledged amid the individual process. In any case, the greater part of the creators contended that listening is not perceived for its significance in the human experience and that the absence of affirmation has obliterating outcomes for the prosperity of mankind. Interpersonal skills There are some interpersonal aptitudes that should be obtained for enhancing the distinguished self-communication issues. It is imperative to pick up control of oneself so that an individual is not disparaging of himself (Bernstein and Trimm, 2016). An individual ought to attempt to unwind and permit time for himself. It is vital to channelize the hostility in a positive way. It is likewise imperative to have an adjusted approach when imparting the perspectives. It is very fitting to dodge hostility in the exchange and rather put the focuses in an amiable way. For putting forward the argument, it is very important that the opposite side must be listened to effectively (Duwadi, 2014). Action Plan It is critical to devise a reasonable action plan for that would address the recognized correspondence issues: Know About Other People's Emotions Empathise Offer Words and Activities of Consolation Figure Out How to Communicate Effectively Utilize Humour Treat People Equally Endeavour to Resolve Conflict Keep Up a Positive Attitude and Smile Limit Stress Just Complain When Absolutely Necessary Steps 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month 6th month Know about other individuals' feelings and be thoughtful to other individuals' disasters and praise their positive historic points Relate make an effort not to be judgmental or one-sided by assumptions or convictions while speaking with others Make other individuals feel welcome, needed, esteemed and acknowledged in my interchanges Intend to expand understanding by considering how my message may be perceived by the other individual Utilize my comical inclination to break the ice, to lower hindrances and pick up the fondness of others Expect to impart on an equivalent premise and abstain from disparaging individuals Figure out how to investigate and resolve issues and clashes as they emerge and how to be a viable mediator and arbitrator. Do my best to be inviting, peppy and constructive with other individuals. On the off chance that something makes me furious or disturb, try to sit tight for a couple of hours and quiet down before making a move. Conclusion On a concluding note, the literature review covers the significance of the communication abilities that are missing as distinguished in the determination and demonstrates their advancement procedure. In view of the prerequisites of advancement, the action plan has been diagrammed. The genuine usage of the action plan ought to be done and the results ought to be assessed appropriately. It is likewise vital to concentrate on the blind side and attempt to enhance my communication aptitudes. This self-reflection paper has examined my own particular communication issues, for example, aggressive communication style and low listening abilities. It is critical to determine these two issues. This would make me exceed expectations in my expert range and also enhance interpersonal connections. References Bernstein, C., Trimm, L. (2016). The impact of workplace bullying on individual wellbeing: the moderating role of coping: original research.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,14(1), 1-12. Birch, B. M. (2014). English L2 reading: Getting to the bottom. Routledge. Brownell, J. (2015). Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge. Castells, M. (2013). Communication power. OUP Oxford. Duwadi, E. P. (2014). Listening Skill for Communicating Effectively In Teams. International Journal of Communication, 24(1). Fiumara, G. C. (2013). The other side of language: A philosophy of listening. Routledge. Foulk, T., Woolum, A., Erez, A. (2016). Catching rudeness is like catching a cold: The contagion effects of low-intensity negative behaviors.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(1), 50. Hasson, G. (2015). Brilliant Communication Skills. Pearson UK. Heidegger, M. (1971). On the way to language (P. D. Hertz, Trans.). San Francisco: Harper Row Hyde, R. B. (1994). Listening authentically: A Heideggerian perspective on interpersonal communication.Interpretive approaches to interpersonal communication, 179-195. Infante, D. A., Wigley III, C. J. (1986). Verbal aggressiveness: An interpersonal model and measure.Communications Monographs,53(1), 61-69. Ingram, G. P. (2014). From hitting to tattling to gossip: An evolutionary rationale for the development of indirect aggression.Evolutionary Psychology,12(2), 147470491401200205. Kooij, J. F., Liem, M. C., Krijnders, J. D., Andringa, T. C., Gavrila, D. M. (2016). Multi-modal human aggression detection. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 144, 106-120. Koprowska, J. (2014). Communication and interpersonal skills in social work. Learning Matters. Krah, B. (2013).The social psychology of aggression. Psychology Press. Lane, S. D. (2016). Interpersonal communication: Competence and contexts. Routledge. Myers, S. A., Brann, M., Martin, M. M. (2013). Identifying the content and topics of instructor use of verbally aggressive messages.Communication Research Reports,30(3), 252-258. Oh, E., Lee, C. M. (2014). The role of linguistic knowledge and listening strategies in bottom-up and top-down processing of L2 listening.English Teaching,69(2), 149-173. Rancer, A. S., Avtgis, T. A. (2006).Argumentative and aggressive communication: Theory, research, and application. Sage. Sollitto, M., Cranmer, G. A. (2015). The Relationship Between Aggressive Communication Traits and Organizational Assimilation.International Journal of Business Communication, 2329488415613339. Song, J. H., Lee, N. G., Hwang, I. Y., Lee, S. W. (2015). The Influence of Verbal Aggression on Job Involvement and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Effect of Self-esteem.The East Asian Journal of Business Management,5(4), 19-28. Vandergrift, L. (2015). Researching listening. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics: A Practical Resource, 299. Verderber, K. S., Verderber, R. F., Sellnow, D. D. (2013). Communicate!. Cengage Learning.

The Use of Cell Phones in Vehicles. Part 1 free essay sample

The most important part of driving is making sure that you’re just driving. Things get a lot more complicated when you aren’t even looking at the road. However in this complicated world, with lots of complicated people, with complicated lives, and complicated jobs, require complicated problems to be dealt with yesterday it becomes a very complicated decision on banning cell phone use while driving. However I firmly believe that driving and cell phones should not be done together, and after reading my essay I hope you agree. *vibrate* Glances over at cell, taking eyes off the road to grab it and flip it open, glancing back at the road for a mere second before reading the text. â€Å"Hey gurl, wazup? Im sooooo gonna b l8t 4 skool wat about u?† the text read. This takes three seconds to read. Driver then corrects steering looking for any obvious obstacles then returns attention to the cell to quickly reply back. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Cell Phones in Vehicles. Part 1 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"lol, not me, im already on the hi-way, ill pick u up?† Sending. Sending.. Sent. The driver returns attention to the road. Within half a minute the cell is vibrating again. A quick scan of outside and the driver looks down again. â€Å"ok! Cool, ill be ready wen u get here.† She reads the response and without looking up quickly replies. â€Å"good stuff,† Sendin.Sending. Crash. The driver slams full force into another car having crossed into the other lane as her attention was off the road. Within the first tenth of a second both the front bumper and grill of her car has collapsed. Next the hood is destroyed, it raises up- striking the wind shield. The car spins, and the back lifts up into the air, the fenders of her car wrap around the other vehicle. The car frame has been stopped by this force as the interior inside it continues moving thanks to inertia. Her legs stiffen naturally bracing for impact causing them to snap at the knee. Within the next tenth of second the steering wheel falls to pieces, and the shaft is aimed at the driver chest. The fourth tenth of a second shows a completely destroy first two feet of the car. This leaves the drivers body moving at ~88 km/h, and the back of her car moving forward at ~ 53. Another tenth passes us by, the steering column skewers the drivers chest and she slowly begins to drown as her lungs fill with blood. Th e break pedal breaks off, as the force of impact tears the driver’s shoes away from her feet. Her head contacts the wind shield. The rear of the car hits the ground again. The seventh ten comes and goes, hinges on the doors are ripped loose flying the open. Chairs are no longer secure and they hit the driver from behind. But don’t worry it won’t hurt. Little miss text-while-driving is already dead. Wonder who’ll be picking up her friend. Drinking and driving is stupid, no doubt about it. We’ve had it drilled into our heads since we were barely old enough to read let alone drink or drive. In an experiment that was conducted by University of Utah and lead by Drs. Frank Drews, David Strayer, and Dennis L. Crouch it was found that without a doubt talking on the phone is just as dangerous as driving under the influence, and texting to be more so. Their study showed that cell phone users (this includes both hands held and hands free as no visible difference between the two was ever seen) not only drove a noticeably slower, they were also a whole nine percent slower when hitting the breaks, seen to have a twenty four percent difference in their following distance. Following distance is described to be the difference between ones vehicle and that of the one driving in front of them. While people who aren’t using cruise on highways, or just driving in town will have a slight variation or almost rhythm of speedi ng up and slowing down to keep the correct distance away from the car in front – those using cell phones showed far greater variation as their attention was distracted not allowing proper adjustments in speed to occur. On top of this; upon breaking there was nineteen percent delay upon returning to normal speed. And three of the test subjects rear-ended the car in front of them during the simulation. Not a single one was drunk. In an identical experiment with the exception of a cell phone distraction being changed into a 0.08 alcohol blood level, it was observed that the drivers were even slower than the cell phone addicts. The drunk drivers however redeemed themselves by being able to follow the pace of the car in front of them, breaking far better than the distracted driver in both delay time and force. To top it off they reacted well to the vehicle in front of them breaking, didn’t suffer any loss of time with recovering speed and didn’t have a single accident. Every single one, of these drivers, was drunk. So according to these results cell phones are far worse of a distraction then a 0.08 blood-alcohol level. However let’s say the results were smudged a bit because the people doing them were a bit anti-cell phones. After all you can’t trust everything you see on the web, however looking on Wikipedia you see that another experiment was done very similar to the one described above the results for it are as follows. Means and standard errors (in parentheses) for the Alcohol, Base line, and Cell-Phone conditions Alcohol Base line Cell Phone Total Accidents 0 0 3 Brake Onset Time (msec) 888 (51) 943 (58) 1022 (61) Braking Force (% of maximum) 69.6 (3.6) 56.4 (2.5) 55.2 (2.9) Speed (MPH) 52.8 (.08) 54.9 (.08) 53.2 (.07) Following Distance (meters) 26.5 (1.7) 27.3 (1.3) 28.5 (1.6) ? Recovery Time 5.4 (0.3) 5.4 (0.3) 6.2 (0.4) As seen above , the results echo quite similarly what the first experiment says, in my mind, therefore validating it. Many teens themselves believe that cell phones are extremely distracting however despite that, the majority still violate any regulations prohibiting cell use within the vehicles. Apparently a yearly estimate of 21% of all fatal car accidents for teens drivers – 16 to 19 years of age – are cell phone related. In 2007 alone cell phones including both texting and calling contributed to over 1000 crashes in the US alone. However teens aren’t alone in this dangerous activity, 50% of all adults aged 18 to 24 admit to texting while driving, and 25% of all accidents in general are caused by cell phone use, as people are approximately four times more likely to cause a serious accident when using phones. In a study, by Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co, a large majority at 73% of the 1200 sample population admit to driving and talking on their phones, and 19% text. What does all this equal out to? Almost the population of our town are killed yearly from cell phone use, with ~2600 deaths annually, and about 330 000 injuries. Cell phone usage of course varies, and obviously the more you use the phone the more of a risk you potentially become. About 27% of the population are the cell phone junkies using their cells for more than half the trip, a short rise to 30% will use the cells only on highways while 85% will use their phones once in a while. Interestingly enough almost the same percent (84) of the people using the cells also believe that the phones will cause increased chance of accidents, and when you consider that teenagers who text while driving have 400% increase of time with their eyes off the roads, it’s not hard to see why.