Alternative Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Media Analysis - Essay compositors caseThe analysis would cover the message, the message maker, the interpretation and finally, a concluding portion. The Message The pic clips are shown through with(predicate) YouTube and the messages that were imparted by the visuals are repeatedly promoting the fair and balanced reporting at Fox News. Apparently, there are various former fox employees who were interviewed and recorded that attest that at Fox News, they were given internal memos ordinarily at the start of the day indicating what to talk about, what not to talk about and how to deliver the report and the stemma of the reporter is to execute the plan. These people disclosed that Fox News is merely a proponent of a point of view (YouTube). Ironically, the first part of the video visualized words that relayed the message your mind is controlled by the rich who owns Americas media (YouTube). The first testimonial was delivered by Bob McChesney, Founder of Free puppy lo ve and author of The Problem of the Media clearly argued that the revolutionary breakthrough with the Fox News is eliminative broadcasting (YouTube). ... America has acknowledge that there are in fact false, distorted, caricaturing of information that are repeatedly broadcasted to form images in the habituals mind. The last message delivered by Roger Ailes, Fox News CEO and Chairman states that they are atomic number 61 journalists who aim to restore objectivity, deemed to be lacking and their objective is to present fine, balanced journalism (YouTube). The Message churchman The video clips were uploaded through YouTube, revealed to be stranded in 2005 by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim, who were all early employees of PayPal. YouTube is the leader in online video, sharing original videos worldwide through a Web experience (TechCrunch par. 1). It has been acquired by the seem locomotive engine Google, serving more than two billion videos a day, it has become the clear leader in online video sharing (Hoovers Inc. 1). Compared with Fox News, the information and contents shown and uploaded at YouTube appear to be more objective demo details as viewers deem them necessary to be revealed in their entirety as feasible through their respective software capabilities. The News Fox video clips were uploaded by The Great Revolt, where information pen check only indicates the name of the creator as a certain Justin from the United States and joined the settle in April 14, 2008. Interpretation Honestly, one is disappointed and disgusted with the contents of the video if indeed, the contentions were true. A quick search on their official website indicates that Fox News Channel provides a 24-hour all-encompassing news service disposed to delivering fair and balanced coverage of the days news events (News Corporation 1). This validates the visual communication found in the video clips where the words

System Access Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

system Access - Essay ExampleIt should include database dump if applicable. Having a backup will ensure that the residual users have certainty in assentinging data anytime even when the agency server refuses to give permission for access or when their server fails. If the company providing hosting services refuses to grant access to data to the firm or the abolish users of the website, the project manager should opt to review the agreement or privycel it as soon as he can.Lastly, it is important for the project manager to have access to the control panel. It is also appropriate to put together the website manually without the use of a control panel. It can guarantee better performance and security because it can allow for customization at a lower level (Ahmed & Boutaba, 2014). If the project manager gets the rights to configure the server, he whitethorn know what is running and why the applications are running. Therefore, the end users of the social media website can have an as surance well-nigh the accessibility of the social media

UK Investment in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

UK Investment in China - Essay physical exertionHowever it is observed that the new emerging markets swallow socio-cultural contexts much different from the parallel contexts in occidental countries. Such cultural differences present themselves both as an opportunity and threat to those organizations expecting to find niche in these markets. If properly re expected and read into the cultural dimensions of the foreign market can be woven into the international merchandising tittup and help establish the global supplier as a trustworthy supplier who understands the local anaesthetic realities. Inadequate research into these aspects and thereby deficient weaving of cultural dimensions in the international marketing mix can prove to be an expensive marketing mistake. This paper takes up the case study of TESCO, the major UK supermarket strand and undertakes a China market PEST analysis for TESCO.Paper goes on to suggest the standardization or adaptation in the international market ing mix that may be required to be brought closely by TESCO looking at China market.TESCO entry strategy in Chinese market is too discussed with listing of various pros and cons of various entry strategies..TESCO, the UK retail giant follows a standard strategy of magnification and growth comprised in four pronged action format growth in the core UK stemma expansion through international growth maintain strength in non-food and in food cover and follow customers into new retailing services. As a consequence of this strategy TESCO targets a better manus for its customers makes it simpler for its staff ensures that it reaps the fullest economy to make its overall operations cheaper and reaches all its supplies faster to market. Five years anterior to TESCOs formal entry into the Chinese market, BBC News (1999) reported the following about UK China trade ties and collaborations, UK businesses have won contracts worth $3.5 bn in China. The UK is the sixth largest investor in Chi na, with $13bn of direct investment. Thus a long larn curve had preceded the formal entry of TESCO in the Chinese market in 2004.Thus by taking on China TESCO was taking up a pathway leading to a blind alley. TESCO made its prototypal foray into China, in the year 2004, with the purchase of a 50% stake in a 25-strong hypermarket image for 140m ($260m) entering into a joint venture with the Ting Hsin after a long three years search for an appropriate Chinese partner. (BBC News, 2004).TESCO top management, at the time of entry, clearly made no secret of the stipendiary and huge Chinese retail market. In the year 2004 it was reckoned that this retail business served around two billion customers a week and was valued at 280m, with sales of 330m. (BBC News, 2004). TESCO had researched its Chinese partner thoroughly before taking up the joint venture stake. Ting Hsin was the largest food supplier in China and owned the Hymall chain of stores, of which Tesco was to have a 50% stake. Hymall had opened its first outlet in September 1998 and had rapidly vainglorious to be the leading hypermarket operators in the country, with French chain Carrefour and US-owned Wal-Mart among its rivals. Most of its stores were located in postgraduate quality shopping mall developments in the east, north and northeast of China. (BBC News, 2004)The joint venture was premised on the logical system that, Ting Hsin

(GIS) Geographical Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

(GIS) geographic In stageion System - Essay ExampleThe hardware component of GIS is the central processing unit (CPU) or computer. It also includes a digitizer scanner whose function is to change info for usage those found in maps into digital form then s curiosity the converted selective information to the CPU. There are also a tape device whose function is to store programs or selective information on magnetic tap, and a disclose device which is employ to display data that has been processed. People as a component of GIS include end users and specialists whose function is to design the GIS for the end users. Methods refer to those procedures or techniques used data collection or processing. The practicable elements of GIS are data manipulation, data input and output, data retrieval and display, data psychoanalysis and modelling and data management. data input refers to incorporating data into the GIS whereas data output refers to removing data or information from the GIS. D ata analysis and modelling involves obtaining an understanding of relationships in the data collected and developing a model of the spatial phenomena. Data retrieval entails taking out data from a stored format for use whereas data display is the display off of the derived or primary data (Delaney and Niel 2006). In GIS, spatial data represent features that are stance-specific or geographic in nature. They include cell location like column and raw, and coordinates like longitudes and latitudes. On the another(prenominal) hand, attribute data deliberate a description of feature in a specific location and they can be in numbers or text strings. Unlike spatial data, attribute data can be measured in ratio, ordinal, interval and nominal ratios. According to Delaney and Niel (2006), topology creates an awareness of the meet for the GIS by developing a spatial data relationship. It links spatial and attribute data to give information on what surrounds a feature. When representing ro und-the-clock and discrete geographic features, vector data structure uses points, polygons and lines whereas raster data structure make tessellation on the representation surface through a repeated use of a square cell or a pixel. However, raster data structures are better at representing a continuous surface. Vector data structure support typology better and are more accurate in representing geographic features compared to raster data structure. Generally, raster data structure requires has a lower processing power requirement compared to vector data structure. On-screen digitising, converting, importing and geo-locating/geo-rectification are the four common methods of incorporating digital data into a GIS. On-screen digitising involves locating features from digital sources for example orbiter or scanned images using a computer mouse. Attribute data is entered through computer keyboard. Geo-locating is used to input non-geographic/non-georeferenced data into GIS because it conve rts spatial data into geographic data. Converting is done if GIS data is in a format that cannot be used by certain software. Importing involves obtaining data from other sources like geo-coded textual data, satellite images or digital aerial photographs into the GIS. There exist differences in cost, effort, time, and editing requirements between on-screen digitising, converting, importing and geo-locating/geo-rectification, examine and vectorisation, table digitizing and keyboard entry as data input methods. Both importing and converting are fast, cheaper, need little efforts and have less editing requireme

Pop Culture Advertisement for Lynx Shower Gel Essay

Pop Culture publicizing for Lynx Shower Gel - Essay ExampleThe growth featured is in a minuscular blue bottle with a filthy lid and its name inscribed in white against black is placed on the bottom in the right side. The caption reads LYNX Shower Gel. Get Dirty. The lay implies a bathroom and has overtones of kinky sex which is used as an excuse for the Shower Gel product, which is sibyllic to serve as a sex appeal embellishment.The impact of the advertisement is based solely on its ostensibly clever message through the striking picture that begs a second look. However, a deeper analysis will reveal the f tout ensembleacies on which it depends and tries to communicate. It does not make any attempt to feature the functional advantages the product has over similar products in the market. It takes for granted the new-age notions of advertising for the youth that no information regarding the products chemical composition or explanation on why it would be a perfect choice is need ed as long as the brand name imposes its power over the customers. Moreover, the advertisement seems to be based on the false assumption that attention from women bothers its prospective customers men in this case of all age groups and personal sexual choices. Though it could be assumed that the product aims at the youth as its customers, the advertisement restricts its appeal as it addresses only the heterosexual youth. It also assumes that the representation of the female body in an exotic setting catches the eye of all its customers. It could be argued that the popular advertisement culture has, in fact, do the female body a marketing tool, and this advertisement just follows the status quo. But a analytic analysis will reveal that it fails to establish a pertinent relationship between the product and the image presented.The intended pun in the caption Get Dirty reiterates the sexual overtone which is already obvious through the image. But the implication is quite ambiguous.

English Essay Formal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

face Formal - Essay ExampleA utopian fiction describes Her grease as a strange land that is hidden very high in the mountain, and which only has women as its inhabitants. According to the inhabitants, Herland has existed with no men straightaway for 2,000 years following a series of wars, internal strife and natural disasters, which together combined to depart just a small population which was exclusively made up of women (Gilman 2). Left with the burden of fending for themselves chthonian severe conditions, the women did organize their society along the most possible coherent lines, coming to note that their survival of the fittest would never be possible without collaboration. After some time, there was a miraculous occurrence where a young girl became pregnant (Gilman 2). All her descendants were female and came to inherit her exceptional ability of unaccompanied reproduction, thereby helping to maintain the society making up the present residents of Herland.With time, the w omen of Herland embraced a peaceful, organized, hugely cost-effective society such that such factors like competition, crime, and disruptive behavior are nonexistent (Gilman 2). As would be expected in a mothers society, childbearing is the utmost tribute of the womens lives, and also their most classic duty. In essence, Herland is a large family, and an organic society practicing a common good (Gilman 2). For that reason, property is communally owned, the system of authority is not that strict and is solely based on knowledge and insight, and the welfare and facts of life of the children are given the first preference.Theodore Isaac Rubin notes that our culture today is of the view that competition is helpful in saving the best out of people, but then he disputes this notion (Rubin 1). According to him, competition is intimately affiliated to jealousy, envy, and mistrust, and hinders self-evolution and progress (Rubin 1). It

None Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

None - Assignment ExampleAs matter of fact, the Hindu community moldiness have moved from somewhere. Secondly, Hindu religion traces its origin sometime just before the onset of modernisation (Bryant, & Patton, 2005). Notably, the timing of the start of Hinduism and Aryan migration rhyme supporting the AIT arguments. Moreover, the immigration is assumed to consist of antithetic ethnical groups who after settling united to make a common language and culture.Every theory must be criticized by at least one scholar given that people make different opinions. The critics of AIT atomic number 18 not strong enough to question its viability. For instance, the Aryan inversion theory is based on existence of dead bodies found in a cave (Bryant, & Patton, 2005). However, there is no precise render that these bodies were massacred, hence terming the whole theory a weak critique. Though, its not clear whether the Aryans found natives in the region, no invasion evidence exists either. Moreover, the invasion theory was meant to protect colonizers.Culture and social setups differ and may sometimes irritate. Public relations advocate for understanding and accommodating every persons culture in order to coexist. However, the understanding ought to be two-way, otherwise one party will be humiliated. Non- western cultures are complicated. To me Japanese culture irritates. Though the shame culture has build their reputation, consulting before their tribesmen before making any(prenominal) decision irritates. Secondly, treating strangers with excess suspicion retards their socializing

Compare india and the middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare india and the shopping center east - Essay ExampleAccording to International Energy Agency 95 percent of the cosmos depend on for its financial security on decisions made by five or six nations in the Middle East. (Energy Agency Sets Grim Oil Forecast)India is known as the land of spirituality and philosophy. The of import religion in India currently is Hinduism. About 80.5% of Indians are Hindus and 13% Muslims, Christians 2.3% Sikhs 1.9% Buddhist and Jains are below 1% (Religious Composition). The gentleness of the Indians has sustained till this time, regardless of the India is a collection of men and women of numerous castes and faith. It is a inwardness of old traditional ethics and the contemporary ideologies. India is a secular nation by way of its Constitution. The granting immunity of worship for every citizen of India without any breeches or harms of any others religious philosophies. The Indian Social System is typically built on the Shared family System. The f amilies are closely joined with Grandfathers, fathers, sons and grandsons sacramental manduction the similar essence, custom and assets. The Indians are noted for their humanness and calm nature without any harshness in their principles and ideals. Gandhijis belief in Ahimsa has gained freedom for India worked miracles and provided praise for India in the global arena (Indian Culture).The Indian parsimoniousness is the third major economies in the world and is going to grow further in coming years. As per the opinion of Goldman Sachs, the Global Investment Bank, by 2035 India would be the third biggest economy of the world (Indian Economy).Islam is the religion of the majority populace in the Middle East. The Jews and the various Christian groups were permitted to practice their belief and preserve their traditions and customs. In attachment to the Christian and Jewish societies, there are number of distinct religiously demarcated sections in the region. Such factions had their generator in intra-Muslim religio-political

Relationship Analysis in A Christmas Carol Essay

Relationship Analysis in A Christmas Carol - Essay ExampleIn books, the tone of communion is enough to describe the family surrounded by dickens eccentrics and the author does not need to explain the relationship separately. The analysis in this composition will be done in a similar manner, i.e. by considering the tone of communication between the characters. Thus, this analysis would show that the context and manner of communication define the relationship between the individuals communicating with to each one other. This is also one of the most important aspects of the interpersonal communication. The main character of the book is Ebenezer Scrooge who has been describe as beingness a stingy and miser person who stays away from philanthropic activities and spends every penny after giving it a signifi movet thought. Scrooge has no value for the acts of kindness or sympathy and all he cares about is accumulation of wealth. Jacob Marley was the business partner of Scrooge who has been disclosed to have been deceased for seven years when the story starts to unfold. On the Christmas Eve in the 1840s Scrooge is visited by the nuance of his dead business partner Jacob Marley who tries to convince Scrooge to change his ways. In the past, Marley has been described as being the only friend, administrator, business partner and mourner of Scrooge therefore it can be said that both(prenominal) the characters had a similar personality, i.e. they both had love for money. After seven years of the death of Marley, Scrooge is visited by the ghost of Marley. ab initio the character of Marley does not communicate directly with Scrooge but makes Scrooge opinion his appearance in different ways. He because appears in the fireplace in Scrooges bedroom. Ultimately, the ghost of Marley appears in front of Scrooge himself. This is where the first verbal communication between these two characters takes place. Initially the character of Scrooge responds coldly to the appea rance of the ghost and asks what does the ghost wants from him. The ghost of Marley replies, Much Scrooge then asks who the ghost was and Marley replies, Ask me who I was. The character of Marley then reminds Scrooge that he was his only friend in his life. Scrooge still remains doubtful but the manner of his dialogue suggests that he is not as cold as he was at his first reaction. He offers Marley a seat and remains shy whether a ghost would need one. Scrooge remains skeptical whether Marley is real or not and the communication between the characters takes another turn when Scrooge behaves as if Marley is just a figment of his imagination and it is not a real ghost. At one point, Scrooge expresses to Marley that it must be something he had eaten that is playing tricks on his mind. The ghost of Marley lets out a cry that makes Scrooge so afraid he fell upon his knees and begged from mercy. Here, it can be said that the context of communication has changed completely as compared to where it started. Initially, the character of Scrooge was cold towards the character of ghost Marley. Perception of the characters also plays an important part in the effectiveness of communication between two individuals. If the perceptions of individuals are similar, there would be effective communication between them as the receiver would understand what the vector is trying to communicate (Robbins, 2009). However, if there is difference in perceptions there would be distortion in the spring of communication and a lot of reconciliation would also be required. In this book, the character of

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Management - Essay theoretical accountCompeting values framework for psychological states defines appropriate behavior that has to be upheld during negotiations. During negotiations, there is the existence of conflicting cultures that may co-exist due to different characteristics of the management team (Drucker, 2012). This should be appropriately handled during negotiations.Refers to the mastery of the knowledge and skills required to heighten sustained success in the contemporary changing business environment. This means that the leaders of the company in negotiations should carefully highlights and extensively consider the scope of competency they have. The leaders to be chosen during the negotiations should be having ample skills and experience needed to propel their respective companies to greater heights. This wills promote their business competitiveness in the current times of stiff global competition. (Drucker, 2012).The agenda for personal leadership improvement helps the company to use sharp innovations that can be proven directly, to come up with products of higher quality faster. This will totally enhance customer advantage as they are currently asking for faster and higher quality products than always before (Drucker,

Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Malaysia - Research Paper ExampleIt is a known fact that Malaysia is considered as an sample country for manufacturing and other service based operations. Today, Malaysia stands as an export-driven country with a strong economy and holds a potential to excel further in future.Malaysia is the only country with flexible governmental policies which ensure and forethought the rights and provide opportunities of growth to the multinational businesses. Therefore, we cannot ignore the fact that Malaysia has become widely known for its manufacturing and export operate in the region. Government institutions have played a key role in determining the victory of international and local businesses within the country imputable to their commitment in safeguarding and promoting different businesses within the country. foreign investors in Malaysia can hold up to 100 percent of their equity rights in the manufacturing sector and the projects that take them to export 80% of their products. Howeve r, government has facilitated the foreign investors to now hold 100% of equity rights in every new and existing projects without considering the percentage of their export products (Raman, 2008)Malaysia is known for its young and dedicated workforce on competitive wages in the region. Malaysia is the only country where the human workforce is supported by the government policies due to their commitment and quality of work.The economy of Malaysia is heavily dependent on manufacturing and, oil and gas industry. These industries stand as the backbone of the economy. It has been observed that Malaysian government has played an effective role in industrialization and economic development of the country. Malaysia also stands as one of the ASEANs leading exporters of furniture due to the availability of squalid local wood. Malaysian furniture holds a significant place in international market. Malaysia possesses a plow of total 37% in US furniture market, 14% in Japanese

Characteristic of a Research Problem Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

character of a Problem - Research Paper ExampleAfter clearly identifying a investigate line, it natural be translated into a search hypothesis stating a relationship between variables in a identification number of populations. Therefore, the assignment tend to reflect on the connection of the research problem, the research hypothesis, along with the existing variables (Tacq, 1997). A research problem happens to be the initial step, while, at the same fourth dimension, the most significant requirement deep down the research problem. It acts as the basis of a research study, at that placefore, through ideal formulation, an appropriate study tends to be bound to take place. In order for a researcher in solving a problem, he or she must understand what the problem is, thereby comprehending what one is attempting to do. A research problem, along with the look in which the researcher formulates it ascertains every step followed when undertaking a research study. Formulating the problem happens to be arousal into the study while the output turns out to be the quality of research reports content. As a result, a research problem is in most cases accompanied by a research question. A research question is responsible for the identification of the phenomenon undergoing study (Jeffrey & George, 2000). When defining a research problem, it is essential to bear in mind that is must be specific instead of general. In stances whereby a problem is specific, as headspring as focused, it turns out to be more answerable compared to if it is general. As a count of fact, there is a perception that a well formulated research problem happens to be fractional solved. Therefore, research formulation appears to be like the identification of a destination before embarking of the journey in the drop of a destination, it is not possible to make out a route, let along the shortest one. Similarly, lack of distinctive research problems, it is impossible to cave in a clear, econo mical plan since the research problem happens to be the foundation of the research problem with the type, along with the design of the building being dependent on its foundation. The absolute majority of research in humanities tend to revolve around the four Ps they cost of People, Problems, Programs, as well as Phenomena. There are a number of terms to contemplate when choosing a research problem that comprise of interest, ethical issues, magnitude, availability of data, measurement of concepts, relevance and level of expertise. However, studies indicate that, on top of these factors, the sociological paradigm, time factor, the researchers values, unit of the chosen analysis, the researchers methodology and the level of reactivity implicit in(p) in a method considered suitable for gathering data should also be put into consideration (Tacq, 1997). There are a number of characteristic that should be put into consideration concerning a research problem, they include (Lynn & Ronald , 2010) a) Idea Every research problem record starts with the introduction of the idea the researcher in interested in studying. For instance, if the researcher is studying the impact of parenting technique on the self esteem of children, there is a need to read everything concerning parenting techniques, as well as what is already known concerning the impacts different techniques have on self-esteem. Clarify why the idea is significant give details concerning the importance of childrens self-esteem for the founding of prosocial society, along with the parenting techniques that are a primary element in the creation of self-esteem. In this case, the problem statement might be The aim of this research is to explore which of four parenting techniques has a connection with positive children

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Board - bear witness ExampleFurther much, the Jews believed that God was able to reverse the effects of sin and completely reverse consummate the expiation with the humankind. These views are consistent with mine, for I believe it is only God who has the powers and ability to reconcile us with Himself after we fall short of His will. Several swops occurred in the Jewish view on God and the world during this time. Foremost, in that location was an intensified and revitalized given the events of 6th Century BC when the Jewish nation suffered a series of exiles. The Jewish people also suffered the effects of Hellenism at this period, and the Greek mental pictures affected their basic understanding and belief in diminution of anthromorphism (Gee 1995). Although the Old Testament of the Hebrews acknowledges the concept of immortality, the period of intertestamental shift made the Jews lay to a greater extent focus and emphases on immortality of the soul. In addition, ther e was a shift from the isolated lifestyle the Jews had lived for the whole time. They became more open and interactive with other communities, thanks to the effects of Hellenism. The period also marked a change of the Jews view of God from His imminence to His transcendence. They refrained from using the name of God in all their undertakings as had been the custom-built before the Intertestamental Period. ... They called him the Judge, meaning he would deliver justice and fairness to the Jewish nation against oppressing Gentile nations. some other title was the Deliverer, for whom they waited to deliver them forever from Gentile rule. Shepherd mean they were waiting for one who would guide them with be intimate for all and protect them from their enemies. They also referred to him as the Stone, their strength upon which the Jewish nation would be built, non to be shaken by anyone (Carson, Douglas and Julius 2001). Other titles included Elect and The Chosen One, the Righteous or Just One, give-and-take of God or Son of David and Elijah. To a nonbeliever and a new convert, the best title to signalise Jesus would be the Righteous or Just One. According to the scriptures, Jesus preached and lived righteousness. There is no unity instance in the scriptures the scriptures that reveal an act of unrighteousness in the life of Jesus. He helped the poor and the disdain of his time get recognition in the society. He delivered just judgments to those who were viewed too evil. According to the Jews, Gentiles were considered sojourner in their lands, strangers who had fine or no knowledge of God (Carson, Douglas and Julius 2001). Jews viewed the Gentiles as evil people who were not worth associating with (Gee 1995). However, they stood a chance of being in good connections with the creator if they converted to Judaism. God-fearers referred to the class of Gentiles who sympathized with the beliefs of Judaism during the Second Temple Period. Whereas the God-fearers we re not bound by any rules to follow Noahide Laws nor adhere to the rules of Jews, procelytes had the obligation to live by these customs and laws (Gee 1995). Procelytes could any be Gentiles converted into Judaism or

International Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

International Banking - Essay ExampleStudying the prospects and challenges for Moslem banking could reveal useful lessons for a reorientation of Western conventional banking.A key feature of the conventional banking brass as well(p) today is that it is based on interest. This is an amount of money that is paid on deposits at banks and levied on the loans they provide. This system is designed to benefit money lenders whereas borrowers are made to bear the risks entirely. Consequently, this system facilitates exploitation and many borrowers experience burdened by rising values of their debts. Occasionally the problems become so extensive that financial crises occur.The Islamic financial system is characterized by the strict restraint of riba, which is the charging, paying and receiving of interest on money loaned. The Quranic order is in chapter 2, verse 275, which states, Allah has allowed the sale and has prohibited interest. The prohibition extends to both the lending and tak ing of money involving interest or partaking in any other way in an interest based transaction. The acknowledgment is that the charging of interest results in an imbalance and it therefore promotes exploitation whereas the Islamic system is designed to ensure balance, loveliness and justice (adl) in all financial dealings. Actually, Islamic finance is not unique in its prohibition of interest but it has perhaps developed the most sophisticated system to help implement interest-free banking. As Lewis (2007) noted, usury was prohibited in all the major religions but people then made it acceptable. For example, it is to a fault prohibited in Exodus (2225). In addition, the shariah (Islamic law) advises to avoid gharar (uncertainty), qimar (speculation) and greed. In short, shariah compliant financial products and services do not involve any interest and speculation and uncertainty is minimised as farther as possible.Instead, the Islamic system of finance is based on the principle of shirakah, which

MGT 401 SLP 5 Leadership and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT 401 SLP 5 Leadership and deepen - Essay ExampleOn that light, a new manager had to be chosen to replace the reason to ensure the operations of the organization runs smoothly without any bottlenecks and disruptions.The successor of the incumbent had to be person with unsounded knowledge in personnel management and thus the other senior managers in the department were considered for the amaze as well as the vacancy was made open to external candidates with the prerequisite accomplishments to fill the position. The crop of choosing the ideal person to fill the vacancy in the human resource department was based on a competitive exercise that involved a series of interviews through which the candidates were subjected to a knowledge and skill refinement process to select the best candidate that could take over the leadership of the department. After a rigorous process of selection, a senior employee in the department was promoted to the position since it became evident that he was the virtually qualified for the post based on both academic qualification and prior job devour (Beerel, 2009).The transition process of the departments leadership between the two personalities was smooth since it was not characterized by any form of challenges because the former was contented with his achievements in the follow and thus wanted a nonaggressive retirement send off. However, once the new leadership took over, significant changes occurred in the corporation that caused a agglomerate of ripples among the employees. Therefore, despite the success that the former manager achieved for the business, the new manager was keen to raising the performance of the securely to new levels and thus he formulated a new organizational structure, which transformed the operations of the company with the aim of enhancing efficiency.The changes were, however, dire resulting in some employees losing their jobs due redundancy that resulted from the automation of the overall

Us Policy On Iraq Essay Example for Free

Us Policy On Iraq EssayThe state of warf are in Iraq has been costly non only to the Iraqis and Americans but to the whole world. Some political psychoanalysts say that it is ironical that the war on terrorism has led to increased terrorism activities in defiance and retaliation. Events such(prenominal) as the February 22, 2006 bombing of the Golden Mosque in Samarra, the attack in Mumbai this week and countless suicide attacks in and out of Iraq arouse been making headlines. In Iraq, such activities ar undermining efforts of the current transitional brass and the US and her allies to bring peace and constancy in the region. Seemingly, terrorists and insurgents are keen to undermine Iraqs economy, security, and political process. This has led to different quarters asking for a change in the US Iraq policy to one that is based the desire of Iraqis for the speedy organisation of an inclusive, national unity administration that serves the interests of all Iraqis without d rawing so much resentment and hostility from the tribe and form a sable government. Though the Iraqis themselves produced this key provision (transitional government), the United States throughout helped facilitate bargain on it and other key provisions be it on religion, oil allocation, or federalism.Therefore, looking at the evidence US Iraq policy helps in understanding the whole process in Iraq as to why these polices are non working and the war continues almost 6 years down the line at the expense of the tax payers money. This paper looks at these policies and evaluates how successful or unsuccessful they have been and make recommendations for alternative policies. Policies According to the dossier on US Iraq policy http//www. uspolicy. be/issues/iraq/iraq. asp), the US activities in Iraq are based on A noble fair and just war Suppression of the Al-Qaeda and reconstruction of Iraq Fairness of the warThe underlying policy in the war in Iraq has been that the war in Iraq is noble, undeniable and fair. President scrubbing has been clarifying o n the importance of the war saying that Defeating the opponent in Iraq leave alone make it less likely we go out face this enemy here at home. (www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2008/03/20080319-3. html). This one single policy locks out all arguments that have been fronted or were fronted withal the before the war began. As such, the US feels compelled to attack and occupy Iraq until she feels that her main reason of going to war as to liberate the people of Iraqis fulfilled.But does this bring another definition of freedom into the limelight? Salim 2007 asks. The causality says that the strawman of American and allies troops in Iraq is a threat of the peace and freedom they deed of conveyance to fight for the people of Iraq. The Bush administration believes that the war in Iraq is noble in that it is carried out in the right manner in a conscious way. What necessitated the war were the claims by t he Bush administration that the government of Sadam Hussein was supporting terror groups and terrorism activities. immediately with the man they sought dead, what else could then be the number one wood to increased instances of terrorism activities?This is one question that the Americans have not pause and addressed it unto themselves according to one online analyst Suppression of the Al-Qaeda As one of the leading terror groups in the world and the one trustworthy for the terror attacks in the US world trade center, Al-Qaeda is blacklisted by the American government to be denied access to re stemmas that would enable the group to carry out its terrorism activities. With the group based in Iraq, it is feared that it will easily gain access to the numerous oil fields and utilize those resources in undermining spheric peace efforts.As a result, the targeting of the Al-Qaeda as a group and not Iraq as a body politic has created a long list of countries that the Bush administration feels deserves action. Among them are Syria, Sudan and Somalia. In light of this view, the American government insists that the mind of attacking Iraq was not for political reasons or scotch gains but by a justify reason to protect the globe from terror harm. Continued occupation of Iraq by the US and her allies indeed is in pursuance of the denying the terror groups and access to resources.This is accomplished by ensuring that Iraq has a stable government that is adapted of handling essential hostilities and insurgencies which are led by the terror groups. Therefore, it would seem irresponsible of the US withdrawing from Iraq without payable suppression of the Al-Qaeda. Unfortunately, suppression of the group has not been as successful as such. Countless minor or affiliate terror groups have sprung up and continue to carry out their deadly attacks. This indicates that there is necessitate to change the manner in which the US approaches the terror group.The approach of denyi ng the groups access to oil money does not seem to work as it may be that the terror groups have other sources of resources to finance their activities. reconstruction of Iraq Two wars against Iraq by the US have crippled the infrastructure of Iraq that is currently an eyesore. The gulf war and the present war have reduced oil production from the worlds third largest oil militia with 84 billion barrels of oil under her surface. Decreased production has created an oil crisis in the global market leading to skyrocketing petrol and petroleum products.Reconstructing Iraq and maintaining peace and stability in the region is seen as of the ship canal of bringing down the global oil prices that are hurting very many economies. As the attacker, the US government is bound by moral and human-centred obligations to correct the effects of the war and reconstruct the economy. antecedent to the war, the US had promised to reconstruct the dry land after the ousting of Saadam. Thus even as the war continues, the US government is committed into helping Iraq find her path to economic prosperity a d make water full democracy.As evidence of this, the US government has been financing almost entirely the transitional government in Iraq either in direct aid o humanitarian aid. Unfortunately, most of the aid forwarded to the country according to Pilisuk and Rountree (2008) is in form of military aid. The future of Iraq The unprecedented length in the Iraq war has called for reevaluation of strategies used in the war. The Bush administration has unveiled six elements it incorporates in its new policy on the Iraq war (http//www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2007/01/20070110-3. html). 1. placing leadership on Iraqi people 2.Empowering Iraqi people to defend themselves against terrorism 3. single out extremists 4. Facilitate democracy 5. Diversify political and economic efforts 6. Situate the strategy in a regional approach. By letting the Iraq people lead, then the Iraqis will t ake responsibility of their own actions and have to a greater extent responsibility in decision making that will be very critical in stabilize the region. The second element of helping the Iraq people protect the population has two sides of it. For one, the Iraqi nationals will be involved in fighting terrorism. Secondly, the citizens will keep away from terrorism activities national and international.All these elements are going to be accomplished in four fronts economic, political, regional and security. Iraq was formerly the leading economy in the Arab world in the late 1980s. Prior to the Gulf War, the country was using her oil reserves for economic development and prosperity. A series of external attacks have derailed the country from its earlier path and it today relies severely on foreign aid to run basic government trading operations. At the moment, the country is just a shell of the former self. Questions have been raised over the effectiveness of the US policies on Iraq and the future of the country.Now that the US economy is facing financial turmoil, the questions on whether the aid assistance to Iraq will continue if of finis importance. The recent signing of an intellect amongst the US government and the transitional Iraq government signed an agreement allowing the US troops to remain in Iraq beyond 2008 into the year 2009. Unfortunately, some of the Iraq people are not comfortable with this move. They view that the social movement of American troops in their territory infringes on the countrys sovereignty and it is tantamount to total disregard of democracy and independence of one country.They therefore call for the vested withdrawal of all foreign troops in the region. The expected coming to power of Barack Obama as the US chairman provides some hope for a change in policy in how the US handles the moorage in Iraq. In his campaign addresses prior to the elections the president elect promised a phased pout withdrawal of American and all ied troops from the region that would approximately take 16 months. In addition to this, the fact that the president elect was against the waging of the war from the very word go shows that there is a looming drastic change in the American policy on Iraq once he occupies office.The current economic crisis in America will throw Iraq into further turmoil unless quick strategized withdrawal is put into place. Before the on start of the war, the Bush administration claimed that Iraq had in its possession weapons of mass destruction which were suspect of being used for terrorism purposes. Therefore, the idea behind the war was based on recovery of these weapons and the toppling of the Saddam regime as a lifter of terrorist groups. Unfortunately, only the toppling of Sadaam happened as no weapons of mass destruction were seized.Assuming that the terrorism groups never gained access to the weapons where else could they source such weapons? By adopting such a question, then the US governme nt can have a broader perspective on the fight against terrorism. The resentment by the Iraq people that have fueled increased internal terror activities have resulted from the humanitarian crisis present in the country. US troops have been accused of committing humanitarian atrocities among them killing of innocent civilians and raping of women and young girls.It would seem appropriate then that the US government carries out its operations in Iraq with a lot of caution over the volatility of the region and the sensitivity of the connection between Muslims and terrorism. This is because among the many violations that the troops are accused of, a majority of them have a religious violation connotation. This is very important in that abrupt withdrawal of troops could throw to waste all the efforts make in stabilizing the region and eventually winning the war on terror.In conclusion, it would seem that the surmount manner in which to carry on the war and formulate polices in handling the war, the involved parties in coalition forces and the US should emphasis on winning the confidence and trust of the Iraqi people. Some of the hostilities meted against sympathizers of presence of foreign troop are not terrorism based but an expression of the anger of the presence of the troops. Unfortunately, the US has not been keen to interpret such incidences as so but is comfortable with the labeling of such activities as terrorism.Therefore, the future of Iraq lies in how strategically America positions itself in the eyes of Iraqis and the success of sanitizing the existing type of America in the eyes of Muslim extremists. Works cited Pilisuk, M. and Rountree, J. Who benefits from global violence and war, New York Greenwood, 2008 Pillar, P. Terrorism and the US foreign policy, Chicago Brookings 2004 US policy towards Iraq, Washington GPO, 2003 Iraq policy at, (www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2008/03/20080319-3. html US troops to stay in Iraq beyond 2008 www. arabameric annews. com/news/index. php? mod=articlecat=Iraqarticle=670

The stranger was a ghost Essay Example for Free

The stranger was a ghost Es swanIt was in the summer indurate I was on my mien habitation for a holiday. I had really hankered to be at home especially during this period as it is also the sequence I celebrate my birthday. I needed to course by the supermarket and do some obtain since I had planned of having my birthday party indoors with my consorts. The grand day being only two days away then meant that I needed to do some shopping instead of having to run for some items during the remnant minute. As I parked my simple machine outside the supermarket and quickly r individuallyed out for my to buy list I noniced a very clean dame standing by the telephone booth. exclusively just as I came out I lost interest in her since I was convinced(predicate) that her face didnt look any familiar.I went ahead to the supermarket and there did most of my shopping, which took quite some time, approximately 2hours. I went to the counter and paid and pushed the crew cut to the car, suddenly I realized that I had misplaced my key to the car door, looked in my shopping bags, zero Inside my jeans pockets yet lo I was then sure of one thing, that my key must be prevarication some where in the shelves of the supermarket where I must have placed them as I read the prices and credibly compared what quantities of items to buy.Any one would have forgiven me as I was a bit confused with the huge shopping something that I was not used to. I made to the supermarkets but as I entered I proverb the same lady again, this time I noticed that she actually looked at me as if ready to say hey but I was in much haste of which she must have noticed. I went right in the supermarket and started sack from one shelf to another started like I was doing a double task because I literally went to all the shelves I had earlier picked items from. The key was right on the last shelf what a pity? Had I thought of doing the rounds but on a reverse I would have deliver a lot of time The lady made a point of stopping me on my way out, she cal conduct me Paul is it you? I turned to her and said no am sorry but my name is Peter. But were you at Braubern High School? I told her yes that is where I went for my high naturalise education and had a friend by the name Paul and people mistook us for another so this wasnt so unusual. So I was kind to her and told her that I was abit in a hurry and so needed to go. She was reluctant but said if I didnt mind for her to give me her mobile phone contacts so that incase I met Paul I would give it to him.I reached out for my phone and apologized to her that my day had been hectic as I had counterbalance misplaced the key to my car. She told me that she had noticed that I had lost peace when she saw me running O.K. to the supermarket. I reached for my phone and she gave me her contacts and when she gave her name as Tracy I gave her a atomic number 16 look since that was the name of my beginning(a) girlfriend. A girl I had m et at a theatre in college and we had talked for so long on the first night that by the time we were actually parting ways to go keystone to our school vans we felt like we had known each other half our livesOne thing I was sure about was that this is not her at least not my Tracy. Whatever had happened between me and Tracy was sort of a arcanum because after seeing each other for quite sometime during vacation, had fallen for one another easily and had known that for sure we were meant to be together and that we were to do anything within our powers to crystallize it happen. The last time I had seen Tracy was at the beach and coincidentally it was also the best time together. But she had disappeared from me in a dismal way, a way that I cant describe as she felt me taking a insobriety at the beach and she had told me she needed to sand bath, something I never enjoyed doing but she had told me that she would be back in a while.That is the last I saw her. I made reports about th at and even the wait of her in the waters became fruitless. I had only known that she lived alone and was actually an immigrant so efforts to track her family were frustrate especially because after her education she had moved to another state. Anyway all this I remembered after this lady gave her name as Tracy and inside I was burning with an interest of knowing her more, knowing if she had anything to do with my girlfriend. I quickly told her that I would be calling her later and she was like that is very o.k. and indeed she was look forward to communicating with me later. I gave my phone contact too.As I drove home that eventide I kept remembering all the good things that had happened between me and the initial Tracy, the way we had loved each other, the promises we had promised each other, the respect and all that, and I felt I missed her, missed her hugely A cold chill ran through my backbone for I could not avoid remembering that she had disappeared mysteriously. Perhaps she had left-hand(a) me through this way intentionally or may be it was as a result of not loving me as she had appeared to. Could it have been a way of hurting me? I had promised to take my time forrader committing to another girl but sincerely speaking I knew I would not mind having this second Tracy as a close friend, perhaps to help me forget of my past love life. My night was luxuriant of this ladyThe following day I made up my mind and called her, I was not going to suffer in silence anymore, I asked her if I could met her for an hour as we have a drink over our talks and she told me she could only get available in the eventide, this didnt exactly suit my schedule since I needed to be home the whole evening and doing preparations for the following day but I all the same said that was okay to see her then. I was so anxious, seeing like time was on a stand still, like the clock had stopped ticking. I was not sure if it was okay to tell her the old story of the other lady, o r to first give her time and observe her character, I was only sure of one thing that I needed to be with her, at least even if it was for an hourTime came and we had sat and made our orders that I kept stealing glances at her not to appear rude if I stared, I told her about my following day agendas and infact invited her also to the party. One thing led to another and we had stayed out late, when I asked her if she could come with me for the preparations she didnt hesitate but said as long she could get a taxi from my place to her home in the late hours after helping.Tracy was so cooperative she did most of what was worrying me and In a short while, then I asked if it would be okay if I let her sleep in the guest live and maybe leave in the morning to cash in ones chips later for the party. She must have also liked me as she said no problem, that whole evening she made me feel important, a man..wanted and loved, there are the moments in my life I hoped that would last forever. W e kissed and hugged tons Finally I showed her where to rest for the night and I closed the main door and went to my room to rest also.I was up early the following day and after I made breakfast, I made it to the room where she was supposedly asleep and tried calling her name but Lo There was no one there Absolutely no one Why had this happened to me again? Why had I at peace(p) all the way with a stranger? How had she made her way out? I had had the key to the main door all the night. Why was this spirit following me?For at this moment I had no doubts that this was a ghost even of the same first Tracy. My day was completely spoilt, when my friends arrived later in the day they had to make food for themselves for I had not done a thing, I was even scared and stayed out at the verandah all the day thinking that if I went inside the house the ghost would haunt me, believe It was still within. My friends then moved me to another apartment and I sworn to myself never again, Strangers n ot me

Using ICT to Communicate Essay Example for Free

Using ICT to impart EssayThis is a 1959 English premier league footb altogether game results table. The pageboy layout for this is a portrait table. For this limited results table, in that respect argon not any images I think this is because it is a results table for a footb only league. The sizes of the textual matter do not vary apart from the of import title of the table which is extra sports. This is because for the main title, the size of the text is bigger then the other little bits like the name of the teams and the number of points to each one team has etc. on that point argon not any paragraphs as it is a results table for football. In this particular table. The special feature is that of its colour, the mix between dark yellow, light yellow and the black aspect writing.This is a questionnaire designed for helping you discover more about yourselves. The page layout for this is of the portrait style. For this particular questionnaire table, on that point are not any images I think this is because it is once more not a very entertain kind of text. The sizes of the text do not vary again apart from the title. This is bigger then all the rest of the text because it is the title. in that respect are not any paragraphs as it is again a questionnaire table. There are not any special features for this questionnaire.This is a pie chart representing the results of a survey. The page layout for this is of that of a cylindrical style. For this particular results chart, on that point are not any images I think this is because it is again not a very entertaining kind of text except only a circle with incompatible colures representing contrary results of the survey. The sizes of the text do not vary again. There are not any paragraphs as it is again a pie chart. There is only one special feature for this pie chart and that is, its in a different form to the other kind of result surveys, it is not just a normal old A4 element of paper with writi ng, this Is a pie chart with different colours on itThis is a Curriculum Vitae from a 16 year old boy that lives in Loughborough. The page layout for this is of the portrait style. For this particular CV, there are not any images I think this is because it is again it is not the kind to have pictures in, it is a formal letter. The sizes of the text do vary in this letter. The main coping for this CV is Curriculum Vitae and that is at the run of the page with sub-headings underneath the main one. There are not any paragraphs as it is a letter for employment. There are not any special features for this letter.This is an invoice of a company called at communications. The content in this invoice shows us the account number, the date, the billing period, the address, and then the actual invoice. The page layout for this is of the portrait style. For this particular invoice, there is only one image. That is the companys logo. This is a very simple yet excellent logo or image, it fall i n the companys name and what they do in just this logo.The sizes of the text do vary in this invoice. The main heading for this invoice is the companys logo, and then it goes down to the invoice number and the dates. The size of the texts on this is the same size but it is in a bold style. Moving down the invoice, the size stays the same until the actual bank note heading comes, this is then enlarged and then also the sizes under this sub heading change, the main headings, which is the primary letters of each word in capital and the rest in lowercase letters. These are all the same font thereafter. The font size does change once more when we reach the bottom pf the page, it short goes into a lower size font and the first part is in bold and then thereafter it all stays the same again. There are not any paragraphs as it is an invoice. There are not any special features for this letter.The content for the posting is a very jolly and eye genetic flyer. It includes the cadence an d date of the actual program, the bladesite of the program, the activities that will be happening during the program such as there will be concerts, theatre productions going on during the 4 twenty-four hourss of the program. It also mentions were the 4 day programs will be held, at the International stadium of Geneva. The picture or background of the flyer is of the Africa guileless, the continent is situated in the centre of the flyer and behind this is a mist of cloud, and this is giving the effect of Africa essentially being on top of everything. The layout of this flyer is in a portrait style. The sizes of the text vary because for the main title, the size of the text is bigger then the other little bits like the bladesite of the organisers and also the date and time of the programs. I think this is because the title is the main eye catching text in the whole flyer so it inescapably to be in a big enough fonts size and also needs to have a very professional written title or heading There are not any paragraphs in this particular flyer. The special features for this flyer is that of its colour, the colour is what made me first notice it, it is a very vibrant colour which would be noticed from a distance. The colour is a discover part of this flyer as it makes it what it isThis is a web page showing us how to make web pages. It is telling us to use the facilities they are offering us on the website to design the best contingent webpage we can. The page layout for this is of the portrait style but also set out in a web style so suitable for website basically. For this particular web page, there are images such as at the top of the page, there is a women standing with a clipboards in her right hand. She is in a opinion kind of posture. There is also a many boxes on the left hand side were if tower your fawn over them boxes, then a message of information will appear underneath your mouse arrow telling you what contents are in that category. The siz es of the text do vary in this web page. The main heading for this web page is BEST COMPANY SLOGAN HERE this is at the top of the page with sub-headings underneath it such as welcome to company website.

Susan Berk-Seligson Essay Example for Free

Susan Berk-Seligson EssayThat same social class, Berk-Seligson (199o) ground-breaking study of hundreds of hours of judgeshiproom interpreting also appeared. Her major finding was that interpreters became actively involved participants in the discourse process of courtroom legal proceeding. She found that court interpreters are intrusive elements in court proceedings far from being the unobtrusive figure that attorneys and judges would like her to be. For example, ordinary court procedures, as well as other participants, shift attention to interpreters on regular basis in courtroom.Judges corroborate to introduce and swear in interpreters, thus calling attention to them as some other participant in judicial process, as well as calling attention to the notion of the true in translation. In the voir dire process with jurors, attorneys ask directly if the presence of an interpreter is bothersome. more(prenominal) important, what impart show up repeatedly in future studie s is that attorneys and judges often resort to addressing the interpreter quite an than the look when they ask their questions.Berk-Seligson also demonstrated that interpreters were not always just interpreting. They ask for permission to chatter when proceedings become confusing they ask for clarification of term or idea they halt proceedings when they hear word they do not understand they ask for repetition of what they did not hear. At times, they depict difficulty, such as clarifying ambiguity, dialect differences, or grammatical problems. Finally, witnesses, defendants, plaintiffs, and other participants within the court put one over side comments to interpreters or talk to them directly.Moreover, she provided examples of interpreters who controlled the flow of testimony by urging or prompting witness to speak or by nominateting witnesses and defendants to be silent. For example, interpreters say to witnesses do you understand? or practice or answer, please. Interp reters also ask questions of witnesses such as what? or didnt hear you. Berk-Seligsons study is the first sociolinguistic study of interpreters to follow traditional sociolinguistic studies by recording hundreds of hours of data, looking for patterns and variations in the speech of the participants (see Labov 1972).More important, it is the first published study to observe, describe, and evaluate interpreters active participation in the role of one who passes on what others say and in the role as an individual participant in speech situation. Cecilia Wadensjo Interpreter-mediated dialogues as trend of communication have been dealt in the book of Wadensjo, interpreting as Interaction that was published in the year 1998. Interpreters and their responsibilities have also been included in this book. Empirical data recorded interpreter-mediated showdowns within medical, legal, and social work settings have been examined in the heart of her book.Moreover, analytical frame working of the nature of social organizations have been theoretically grounded in the works of Wadensjo. In addition, the dialogic theory of language and fundamental interaction has also been included in her works. A seminal survey of the interpreter has been offered by her, by whom problems of translations are not the only that are solved as an move actor, but problems of mutual taste in situated interaction are also solved. Two interdependent activities-translations and coordination are consisted in the interpreting that was revealed by the application of a dialogic framework.Moreover, two kinds of talk are created by the interpreters, which is a fact that established the abovementioned revealing of the interpreting. In this regard, relaying of a message generates first type of talk, and the assisting of a flow of talk by the interpreter generates the second type of talk. When the interpreters role performance is investigated as interaction italics hers, however, when the interpreter is studied in relation to relevant audience or role others (Goffman), it becomes self-evident that the communication interpreter must be conceived of as both relayer and co-ordinator (1992 266).Examples of utterances directed at the interpreter and from the interpreter have also been provided by her. The content of the relayed message has not been included in these examples. Thus, perception of a prepare activity among the participants, as well as, responsibility of the interpreter has been included in the progression of talk. Mutual and divided up understanding has been created by the progression and substance of talk, and the distribution of responsibility for this among co-interlocutors in an interpreter-mediated conversation.Understanding in conversation and its opposite miscommunication has been problematized by Wadensjo, in order to further elaborate on interpreter rights and responsibilities. In this regard, lead different ways in terms of handling of miscommunication ev ents by the interpreters have been showed by Wadensjo. Perspectives for the constituting of sufficient understanding among the participants are revealed by the ways, in which miscommunication is dealt by the interpreters.In this regard, exploration of interpreters and their responsibilities has been done by Wadensjo, as it has been seen in her discussion of replaying by displaying and replaying as re-presenting. Through language, interpreters can distance themselves from an utterance they speak, distinction that results in the special participants better understanding of the message. Her point is that even when interpreters move further away from the role of strictly transferring, it benefits the goal-oriented exchange.By noticing this distancing, it demonstrates how the reality of interpreting does not reflect the idealized pedagogy about how interpreters do their work. Notably, in manifesting this distance, we get an idea of personal style. While the old adage to just translate and translate everything is useful tachygraphy for explaining interpreting to lay persons and newcomers, it is not useful for explanations needed to plant interpreting as profession and to define the actual rights and responsibilities that define the everyday experience of interpreting work.A vast new perspective for understanding, researching and commandment the work of interpreters has been opened by Wadensjo. The perspective of interpreter as engaged actor solving not only problems of translation but problems of mutual understanding has been offered by Wadensjo in a seminal way. It has been suggested in her first full-length work that the task of interpreting much better can be dumb by people, if the perception of interactivity of the primary participants should be accounted, as compared with the looking up of interpreter and the interpreted message. over again for the first time, a deeply theoretical understanding of the complex nature of participation in an interpreter-me diated encounter has been provided by the frameworks of social interaction and dialogic linguistics. Wadensjo differs from Berk-Seligson in attempting to understand interpreters as they do their job, not evaluating them against idealized and unsubstantiated notions of ideal practice.

Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls Essay Example for Free

Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls EssayI encourage girls to search within themselves for their deepest values and beliefs. at one quantify they flip discovered their own true selves, I encourage them to trust that self as the fount of meaning and direction in their lives Mary Pipher, Ph. D. Clinical psychologist Mary Pipher has brought widespread attention to the loss of true-self, see by teenaged girls in her critic all(prenominal)y acclaimed book, Reviving Ophelia Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls. Whitaker, 2006). In her book, Pihper addresses the development issues of modern girls, the glossiness they live in and how their take ins be and be not being met. She explains that our failure as a orderliness, is not giving our children good, speech sound advice on how to be go up a decent, functioning adults and our unwillingness to do so, is destroying our elaboration (Pihper, 2002). She also offers insightful advice as to how, we as a orderliness send pa cking encourage our adolescent girls to remain true to their authentic selves.Reviving Ophelia Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls More than anything, I want to keep up my children from the pain and self-imposed isolation I experienced during adolescence. As a parent, I want to entertain my children, make all of the hard decisions for them and protect them from any harm that comes their way. As a realist, I say that the experiences of adolescences are necessary to build character, strength and integrity. As a dreamer, I want my children to magically fleet into adulthood, unscathed from the trauma of their teens socio-economic classs.As a future psychologist, I agree that our children are growing up in a poisonous culture and with give away intervention we will all suffer (Pipher, 1994). When I looked up this book and noticed its publication date (1994), my first perspective was, How relevant stand this book be, its al near 20 categorys old? The issues adolescents faced in the proterozoic 1990s are not the same issues that my children are dealing with in 2013. Ameri wad heathen has changed significantly in the last 20 years.Society as a whole, has become more aware, more understanding and more proactive were willing to acknowledge the faults of past ideology and were eager enact positive change. Were baffling were conscientious and were dedicated the betterment of nine. Yet with all of our good intentions, our adolescent girls are drowning in vast sea of negativity and losing their true authentic selves, to an over sexed, hypercritical, media crazed culture. The most grand message it took from Mary Piphers book, Reviving Ophelia, is how damaging and belittling our culture is to the development of adolescent girls.We are living the information age and there is very little parents can do to shield or protect their children from the harmful influences of the media. The internet and social media has taken over society and negatively impacted our cul ture in numerous ways. Children are exposed to sexual, violent content so oft and from such an early age that theyve become indifferent to it. Even the movies, music and television programs that are specifically geared towards adolescents, often advocates under-age drinking, drug use, defiant behavior and overt sex activity. As a result, our children are growing-up too fast.My twelve year old daughter is dealing with issues that were once considered to be taboo even for adults, such as sexting and carte du jour naked picture online. Parents and the media often contradict one another, which further confuses adolescents (Pipher, 2002). Parents are trying to establish sizable boundaries and instill moral values, such as kindness, respect, consideration and modesty. Their goal is to produce happy, well adjusted, morally sound adults. The media, on the other hand, purely wants to make money by pushing products and opinions (Pipher, 2002).All facets of the media push, sell, and glorif y sexuality over newsworthy content. These types of media encourage self-doubt and insecurity in girls by inculcateing them to worry closely their sexuality, popularity and attractiveness (Pipher, 2002). Pipher blames the inescapable influence of the media, in part, for the eradication of self-esteem and loss of true identity among young plastic girls (Whitaker, 2006). Throughout time, the penurys of our children have not substantially changed (Pipher, 2002). They still need love, understanding, protection, acceptance and counselor-at-law to grow and thrive.Its our culture and postations, or lacks thereof, that have changed we no longer expect people to do the right thing. Our culture has become over such(prenominal) more sexualized, violent and dangerous for adolescent girls 44 part of all rape victims are under the age of 18 (Rainn, 2009). Startling statistics like these make it baffling for parents to balance their adolescents need for safety against their need for auto nomy. These changes have also made it much harder for young women to identify and ultimately get what they need (Pipher, 1994).Our culture encourages adolescent, girls and boys, to distance themselves from their parents (the people that care most and know them best) as a sign of independence (Pipher, 2002). When adolescents are in their most vulnerable/impressionable state, their parents are unable to help them navigate difficult life altering situations. For the lack of better option, adolescents human action to their peers and media (Facebook) for advice and guidance which flatuss to confusion and loss of self (Pipher, 2002).Mary Pipher explained, the problems that girls (adolescents) are having is not because of dysfunctional families, as much as a dysfunctional culture. I found this perspective refreshing. For many years, family members, especially mothers, have been demonic for their daughters (adolescents) unhappiness and emotional issues (Pipher, 1994). Parents are not the only ones responsible. They cannot protect their children from everything and everyone. Our culture and society are responsible as well we all have an obligation to the youth of our nation.As a society, we are failing to provide a safe, nurturing environment for our children to flourish. As a culture, we are failing an integral generation of young women by allowing the media to dictate the value of external and internal beauty. We are also allowing the media to teach our culture, that its acceptable to view children in an to a fault mature, sexualized manor (Pipher, 1994). Adolescence has always been a time of excitement and strife but in todays culture, girls and young women feel overly pressured to conform to societys unrealistic expectations of beauty, sexuality and femininity.During childhood, girls are praised for their kindness, academics, sports ability and natural talents. During adolescence, their childhood accomplishments and personal strengths are minimise or devalue d and their sense of self becomes dependent upon their perceived level of attractiveness (Pipher, 1994). Girls who do not feel attractive or normal, see their bodies as a personal failure and are leftover feeling worthless and/or excluded. Pipher explains that an adolescents lack of emotional maturity, makes it difficult for them to hold onto their true-selves and not fall prey to our over sexualized culture.Girls are encouraged to sacrifice their true-selves and they are expected to mold themselves into what society wants from its young women. In a sense, their identity is strip away so their sexuality and attractiveness can surface. Society has little concern for who these young women want to become or what theyre capable of accomplishing (Pihper, 1994). Our culture doesnt typically emb induce or reward individuality, unless it comes in a pretty, blatantly sexualized, package. Girls respond to cultural or societal pressures by being angry, developing depression, withdrawing and b y conforming (Pihper, 2002).Pipher explains that insecure girls often lead with their sexuality, as if its their only redeemable quality and all they have to offer. As a parent, how can I help my children navigate a media obsessed culture that I do not actually understand? How do you limit the dangerous influence of the internet and Social media its everywhere, all the time? This is not the culture or society that I grew up in, the rules have changed and the stakes are much higher. I feel like Im running a never ending race against peer pressure and media influence whoever wins the race gets to keep my childs soul and dignity.The idea of losing my sweet, attractive twelve year old daughter to title wave of uncontrollable, irrational hormones is terrifying. Like most parents, I awe adolescence. I clearly immortalize my own war path through my teen years. I needlessly pushed and distanced myself from my family. I was very uncool to get along with your parents. I fought viciously f or independence, which really meant doing whatsoever I wanted. I lied, skipped school, snuck out at night, stole liquor and drank to the point of passing out. I matte misunderstood and disconnected from everything.I deeply craved companionship so much so that I allowed myself to be used by unworthy, equally damaged people. The peer pressure was so intense and my need for acceptance ruled my life. It was a very confusing time and I tortured myself and my parents. I remember how lost I felt, how hopeless it all seemed, how angry I was and how much I hated my body. I was too short-change, too fat, teeth were crooked and my chest was too big. I breast developed apace in junior high, I was 34 C-cup and by high school, I was a 36 D-cup. I got a lot of inappropriate and unwanted attention, that I didnt know what to do with.Men/Boys care me too much and women seemed to be bothered or intimidated by me. Some of my girlfriends were jealous, while others were overly critical. The attentio n I received permanently changed how I saw myself and how I interacted with the people around me. I went from being a tiny, abrasive tomboy, who was always fighting to be seen as an adult, to being viewed in a completely sexualized manor. The media has taught women, of all ages, that their most revered, important qualities are sexuality and appearance (Pipher, 1994).Adolescent girls are invariably bombarded with distorted, over sexed images of what beauty should look like. You have to be tall, ridiculously thin, wear expensive clothes, have perfectly straight teeth, flawless skin and above all else, exude sex (Pipher, 2002). When young women analyse themselves to the images they see on television, in movies and on advertisements, theyre often left feeling inadequate and rugged about their own bodies. The medias idea of what constitutes attractiveness or what beauty looks like is often unattainable, rheumatic and moved(p).The come fashion model is 510/511 and weighs 110 pound ( Pipher, 1994). harmonize to the Center for Disease Control (2007-2010) the average American girl, at age 11 is 411 and weighs 104. 8 pounds an average American girl, at age 15 is 54 and weighs 139. 6 pounds the average American women over the age of 20, is 54 and weighs 166. 2 pounds. These statistics are mind-blowing and sad. How can we expect adolescent girls to have a healthy understanding of beauty and body image, when the average 11 year old girl (at the beginning of adolescence) is just 6 pounds shy of the average fashion model?How, as a society, do we expect our young women to develop positive attitudes about weight, height and appearance when we continually glorify an unrealistic and often unattainable standard of what beautiful is? When the media portrays beauty in such an unnatural way (being supper skinny) adolescent girls will do unhealthy, extreme things to be thin which often leads to eating disorders (Pipher, 1994). orgy-eating syndrome Nervosa is the most common ea ting disorder among young adolescent women, ages 14-24 years old (Duke University, 2010).People with bulimia will binge eat or consume large amounts of food in a short amount of time an average of 3,000 5,000 calories within an hour (Smith amp Segal, 2012). After binging, the bulimic feels compelled to purge or rid the body of the recently consumed food by vomiting, excessively exercising, or abusing laxatives and diuretics. Approximately 1 out of every 50 American women will suffer from bulimia at some point in her life (Duke University, 2010). Bulimia Nervosa can become all-consuming and take over the adolescents entire thought process.Every decision, in one way or another, is about food. In the beginning, bulimia makes them feel powerful, in control and invincible. For the first time in their life they can eat whatever they want, it doesnt count, the calories simulatet matter because they can get rid of them. No harm, no fowl Slowly, over time, they come to realize that they ar e not in control, theyre eating disorder is. The uncontrollable compulsion to binge and purge interferes with relationships, daily routine and their life in general.In an attempt to hide their eating disorder, adolescents whitethorn isolate themselves from friend and family, which only exacerbate their illness. Pipher offers some great advice on how, we as a society, can encourage and effect positive change in the lives young women. She list 6 essential things that all adolescent girls need. First) Physical and Psychological Safety Girls need the ability to thinks clearly and the permission to feel what they feel, without fear of punishment or ridicule. Second) Love and Friendship Girls need the love of their parents.They need to develop lasting relationships that are based on mutual respect, love and understanding. Third) Useful Work and Skills Girls need feel useful and purpose-built by develop skills that promote personal accomplishments and success. Fourth) Opportunity to Grow Girls need time, compassion and guidance as they develop into total functioning human beings. Five) Self-Defense Training Girls need to feel empowered they need to know that they can take care of themselves, that they are not passive victims.

The Great African Americans Migration 1910 to 1920s Essay Example for Free

The peachy African Americans Migration 1910 to 1920s EssayBy the turn of the nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate, the human activity of African Americans life story in the living in the unite States was approximated at almost nine million. Of the estimated figures, ninety percent of the African Americans lived in the atomic number 16 where they constituted almost a third of the total population of the region. Around a fifth of them were state to live in the urban areas while four pop out of e truly five African Americans lived in the rural areas. At this point, they could be said to have been very much a closed population. They had not been significantly affected by either in or out migration further this status was shortly to change from around 1910 when they embarked on a South to spousal relationship (and West) migration, starting with a very tiresome posterior but steadily gaining speed as the days advanced 5. During the years of the First dry land War, the o ut- migration of African Americans from the South became more and more apparent. Between 1910 and 1920, more than 800, 000 African Americans living on the South migrated to the north. This yard of outward migration was to slow down but still continue way into the 1930s and 1940s.Thus in a span of just three decades, from the 1910s to the 1930s, an estimated 1. 8 million African Americans living in the southwesterly migrated from the region to other areas. However, the South is said to have retained a sizable percentage of its congenital population of African Americans as almost eight out of ten African Americans still remained southerners by place of residence. All in all, the percentage of African Americans occupying the southern states and the entire region began to shrink steadily.This capitulation was estimated to be from thirty percent to twenty-four percent within a span of forty years (1910-1940). The individual states which suffered the biggest dec take up in African Am erican population percentages were Florida, South Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. Those which registered the least number of declines were Mississippi and Alabama 5. Thus the closed African American population became more open with the out migrations towards the northeast and West. By the 1940s, the South had lost around 1. 5 million of African Americanss inhabiting the region nonpareil of the most significant net migrations ever 5.This movement of African Americanss to the north from the 1910s to around the 1920s and 30s has been referred to as the Great African Americans migration. Most of the African Americans who were looking for a way to mend their life move to the cities in the Northern states as good as the West. The migration patterns created by these movements were highly complex. Some of the rural southerners did not move to the North but looked for greater opportunities within the gray regions agriculture which was tenancy- dominated.Others move to the urban region s of the South while still others migrated to the Northern states such(prenominal) as New York, Pittsburgh, Chicago and Philadelphia so as to escape the barbarism of the southern states. The following section analyzes the factors leading to this great migration of the African Americanss 6. CAUSES OF THE bang-up AFRICAN AMERICANS MIGRATION Social reasons In 1914, approximately 90 percent of African Americans Southerners lived in the states that had been part of the causation Confederacy. These states had legalized the Jim Crow statutes which allowed for racial segregation.In the 1890s, the Supreme Court had made a series of rulings which validated these statutes, in that locationby leading to the separate but equal doctrine of 1896 by Plessy v. Ferguson which in effect, legalized segregation in the United States 3. Segregation had existed before though it was not systematically applied until the late part of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century. What brought about such systematic discrimination was the blur in the line separating the African Americans and the Whites.The Whites were particularly irked by the fact that a certain generation of African Americans who had grown up as free people were demanding respect and competing for the same jobs and public space as the Whites. The increasing African Americans indep shoemakers lastence made the Whites feel that the only way to put African Americans back in their place was through maintaining clear racial boundaries, hence the rise of the Jim Crow laws 4. African Americans were obviously on the loosing end from the legalization of these statues. They were treated unfairly and considered inferior to the White race which made them lose their dignity.The segregation was deep entrenched in public institutions such as schools, restaurants, hotels and even in hospitals. African Americans were not divinatory to be seen in areas frequented by Whites and were restricted to the African Ame rican dominated areas. They had their own institutions such as schools and hospitals built for them but these did not match in quality to those of the Whites. As a result of this in a flash and dehumanizing discrimination, many of them leftover the South in the hope that they would find better treatment in the North 1.Other than being discriminated against and segregated by the White populace, the African Americans also experienced open repulsion and violence from the Whites, often times leading to death. There were widespread beatings of African Americans and in some cases, mutilation of unhomogeneous forms such as castrations. African Americans were frequently attacked by White mobs and murder of African Americans became a commons occurrence. With time, lynch became the preferred means of killing African Americans and a popular means of racial control.The incidences of lynching became more and more regular mostly as a result of anxieties by the Whites over changes in the poli tical, loving as well as economic landscapes. In the 1890s, approximately two African Americans were lynched per week. However, there were some Whites who did not support it though all felt that it was a necessary means of maintaining racial order 4. From 1900 to 1914 alone, more than 1000 African Americans were kil take by Whites, thereby necessitating a movement to the relatively safer North 1. Political reasons for migrationIn 1867, African Americans people were allowed to vote but they did not really get to bore their voting rights as the White southerners devised several methods to prevent them from exercising their rights. For instance, they made it a requirement for anyone indirect request to exercise his voting right to pass a test on literacy before he or she could be allowed to vote. This was targeted at disenfranchising the African Americans since many of them were illiterate as they had been given no education at all. The White southerners also introduced a poll tax wh ich meant that those wishing to vote would have to pay gold first.This was also another move to disenfranchise the African American southerners since most of them were extremely poor and thus could not manage to pay a voting fee each time they wanted to vote. another(prenominal) move taken to bar African Americans from voting was the introduction of the grandfather clause into many constitutions of the Southern States. The grandfather clause stated that people who were allowed to vote on or before the first of January 1867, or whose father or grandfather had voting rights were not subject to the literacy test as well as poll tax payment.This clause therefore successfully barred African Americans from voting and the Whites enjoyed the voting claim by themselves. Generally, Whites had more civil as well as legal rights compared to the African Americans and were accorded more superiority. This led the African Americans to look for other places where they could be heard 1. Economic r easons Before the period of the great African Americans migration, African Americans practiced agricultural production as their means of earning their livelihood.This agriculture was based on tenancy, where the freedmen, having no ownership of land, would rent it and work as tenants exercising complete control over the produce of the farmlands and the cyberspace subsequently earned. The tenancy of the land was to be renewed every year. The most prevalent form of soil however, was sharecropping. Under this practice, the owners of the land subdivided it into smaller farms of about thirty acres or so which were then allocated to item-by-item families.In return, the resident families paid the land owners through a share of the crop, usually half by half. The terms of this agreement depended on a variety of things such as whether the tenant was known or if the owner of the farm provided tools and other farming requirements to the tenant. In this manner, the African Americans returned to the fields and provided labor to the land owners 4. In the 1910s, there was a major agricultural depression due to natural occurrences and the farmers, both African Americans and white, suffered greatly.The cotton wool fields in particular, were invaded by the boll weevil which devoured the crop in the entire African Americans belt. Another natural phenomenon which devastated the farmlands was flood in the south. The summer of 1915 saw massive floods which destroyed the crops in the farms and left the African Americans destitute as well as homeless 2. As a result, the prices paid for agricultural products fell and the small farms such as the ones rented to the African Americans yielded negligible profits.The African Americans therefore sank further into poverty and led a very precarious existence 1. The wages paid to the farm laborers reduced significantly and life for the African Americans was one time again hard. Ironically, the North at this time, were experiencing significa nt increases in production and were therefore in dire aim of labor. This can be attributed to the First World War which increased demand for goods produced in the North but restricted immigrations into the U. S yet it is the immigrants who provided the biggest share of labor to the Northern cities.The laborers in the North were also increasingly taking part in Union activities as they demanded for an increase in wages as well as better conditions for working. Northern industrialists therefore looked to the South for new labor supply and recruited the displaced African Americans as well as white workers into their industries. African Americans saw this as an opportunity to improve their livelihoods and migrated to the North in search of greener pastures 2. Testimonies of African Americans living in the NorthAppalled by the living conditions of their people in the South, African Americans living in the North especially those who owned newspapers or operated them started editorial cam paigns that were aimed at convince the African American southerners to move to the North where life would be better for them. Examples of newspapers touch in such campaigns were the Chicago defender as well as the Christian Recorder. These editorial campaigns tended to portray the North as the Biblical Promised Land and convinced the African Americans that there they would have better opportunities.Thus due to interplay of the social political and economic reasons for migration as well as urgings from the African Americans living in the North, the African Americans left the South in their droves for real or perceived better opportunities in the North and the West 2. windup Some of the African Americans who migrated to the North were able to find better opportunities and improve their livelihood. They were able to secure involvement in the Northern industries dealing with various production processes.However, most of the migrants soon found that life in the North was not too diff erent from life in the South. They still faced racial injustice and were discriminated against by the Whites. Where they were employed, they were paid less than Whites employed in the same positions and most found that they were given jobs that involved manual labor. The public facilities in the North were open to both races but housing remained segregated as Whites remained unwilling to share their space with the African Americans.All in all, the great migration did manage to somewhat improve the living conditions of African Americans 2. REFERENCES 1. At Home with Art Industry 1890-1920 The economic, political and social reasons behind the Great Migration. Illinois State Museum, 31 Dec 2006 http//www. museum. state. il. us/exhibits/athome/1890/TeachR/south. htm 2. Baskerville, washbowl D. The rural to urban African Americans Great migration A brief history http//ci. coe. uni. edu/facstaff/zeitz/museum/migrate. html (accessed Feb 20, 2009) 3. Great Migration, 1910-1920, Gale Ency clopedia of U.S Economic History 01 Jan 1999 http//www. accessmylibrary. com/coms2/summary_0193-13024_ITM (accessed 20 Feb 2009) 4. Harrell, David Edwin Jr, Gaustad Edwin S. , Boles, John B. , Griffith, Sally Foreman, Miller, Randall M. , Randall B. Woods. Unto a good land A history of the American people Volume 1 To 1900. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 5. Harrison, Alferdteen. African Americans Exodus The Great Migration from the American South. Mississippi University Press of Mississippi, 1992. 6. Hurt, Douglas. African American Life in the Rural South, 1900-1950. Missouri University of Missouri Press, 2003

Sullivan Ballous Letter to His Wife Before the Battle of Bull Run Essay Example for Free

Sullivan B completelyous Letter to His Wife Before the Battle of Bull Run Essay sock of kingdom is not unique to Americans, but in a democracy, sending citizens to war requires far to a greater extent than a dictators fiat. In 1861, workforce on both sides of the conflict were willing to get down down their lives for what they believed to be right. Southerners fought for states rights and a society built upon human sla really, which umpteen considered the natural order of the universe. When the war started, few volunteers in the northern army marched off to end slavery, but many were ready to fight and die to hold on the Union. One such soldier was Major Sullivan Ballou of the Second Regiment, Rhode Is let down Volunteers. Then thirty-two years old, Ballou had overcome his familys pauperisation to start a promising career as a lawyer. He and his wife Sarah wanted to hold a better life for their two boys, Edgar and Willie. An ardent Republican and a devoted supporter of Ab raham Lincoln, Ballou had volunteered in the spring of 1861, and on June 19 he and his men had left Providence for Washington, D.C.He wrote the following letter to his wife from a camp just outside the nations capital, and it is at once a passionate withdraw intercourse letter as well as a profound meditation on the meaning of the Union. It caught topic importance 129 years after he wrote it, when it was read on the widely watched television series, The Civil War, produced by Ken Burns. The beauty of the language as well as the passion of the sentiments touched the popular imagination, and brought folk to Americans once again what defense of democracy entailed.Ballou wrote the letter July 14, while a handgriping orders that would take him to Manassas, where he and twenty-seven of his men would die cardinal week later at the Battle of Bull Run.LETTER TO HIS WIFE (1861)My very dearly SarahThe indications are very strong that we shall move in a few days possibly tomorrow. Lest I should not be able to write you again, I feel impelled towrite lines that may fall under your eye when I shall be no more.Our movement may be one of a few days duration and full of pleasure and it may be one of implike conflict and death to me. Not my will, but thine O God, be done. If it is necessary that I should fall on the battlefield for my country, I am ready. I live no misgivings about, or lack of confidence in, the pillowcase in which I am engaged, and my courage does not halt or falter. I know how powerfully American Civilization now leans upon the triumph of the Government, and how great a debt we owe to those who went before us with the blood and suffering of the Revolution. And I am willing perfectly willing to lay down all my joys in this life, to help maintain this Government, and to pay that debt.But, my dear wife, when I know that with my own joys I lay down nearly all of yours, and replace them in this life with cares and sorrows when, after having eaten for long years the tartness fruit of orphanage myself, I must offer it as their only sustenance to my dear secondary children is it weak or dishonorable, while the banner of my purpose floats calmly and proudly in the breeze, that my unbounded have intercourse for you, my darling wife and children, should vie in fierce, though useless, contest with my love of country?I cannot reap to you my feelings on this calm summer night, when two thousand men are sleeping around me, many of them enjoying the last, perhaps, before that of death and I, suspicious that Death is spook behind me with his fatal dart, am communing with God, my country, and thee.I have sought most closely and diligently, and often in my breast, for a wrong motive in therefrom hazarding the happiness of those I loved and I could not find one. A pure love of my country and of the principles I have often advocated before the people and the name of honor that I love more than I fear death have called upon me, and I have obeyed. Sarah, my love for you is deathless, it seems to bind me to you with mighty cables that postal code but Omnipotence could break and yet my love of Country comes over me like a strong deform and bears me irresistibly on with all these chains to the battlefield.The memories of the blissful moments I have spent with you come creeping over me, and I feel most gratified to God and to you that I have enjoyed them so long. And operose it is for me to give them up and burn to ashes the hopes of future years, when God willing, we might s process have lived and loved together, and seen our sons twist up to honorable manhood around us. I have, I know, but few and small claims upon worshipful Providence, but something speaks to me perhaps it is the wafted prayer of my little Edgar that I shall return to my loved ones unharmed. If I do not, my dear Sarah, never forget how much I love you, and when my last breath escapes me on the battlefield, it will whisper your name.Forgi ve my many faults, and the many pains I have caused you. How thoughtless and foolish I have oftentimes been How gladly would I wash out with my tears every little spot upon your happiness, and struggle with all the misfortune of this world, to shield you and my children from harm. But I cannot. I must watch you from the spirit land and hover near you, while you buffet the storms with your precious little freight, and wait with sad patience till we meet to part no more.But, O Sarah If the baseless can come back to this earth and fleet unseen around those they loved, I shall always be near you in the garish day and in the darkest night amidst your happiest scenes and gloomiest hours always, always and if there be a soft breeze upon your cheek, it shall be my breath or the cool air fans your throbbing temple, it shall be my spirit passing by. Sarah, do not mourn me dead think I am gone and wait for thee, for we shall meet again.As for my little boys, they will convey as I have don e, and never know a fathers love and care. Little Willie is too upstart to remember me long, and my blue-eyed Edgar will keep my frolics with him among the dimmest memories of his childhood. Sarah, I have unlimited confidence in your maternal(p) care and your development of their characters. Tell my two mothers his and hers I call Gods blessing upon them. O Sarah, I wait for you there Come to me, and lead thither my children.