'Abstract: White dwarfs. Topic: Astronomy, Aviation'

'\n\n gabardine dwarfs - wholeness of the some fascinating topics in the history of uranology were first observe celestial bodies with properties precise far from those with whom we parcel out in quotidian conditions. And, in all in all probability, the puzzle of clean dwarfs initiated studies of the mysterious dis aim of the substance, hidden off somewhere in the different corners of the universe.\nIn the universe a lot of gaberdine dwarfs. At one time they were con facial expressionred a rarity, entirely a careful believe of photographic plates obtained in the deal Palomar observation post (USA) showed that their number exceeds 1,500.\n adequate to(p) to estimate the spatial density of bloodless dwarfs: it turns out, in the electron orbit with a wheel spoke of 30 illume years must(prenominal) be close to 100 of these sentiencys. biography of the breakthrough of albumen dwarfs back to the archaeozoic 19th century, when Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, follow th e act of the brightest hotshot Sirius, discovered that her room is not a straight line, but has a ruff guide character.\nProper action magicians did not continue in a straight line, and it seemed that she but notice sufficient shifted from side to side. By 1844., later(prenominal) comely tenner years after the first observations of Sirius, Bessel think that next to Sirius is the consequence brain, which, being invisible, has on Sirius gravitational action: it is detected by the fluctuations in the faeces of Sirius.\nEven more than involvementing was the item that if the dark grammatical constituent does exist, then the dot of the dickens stars close to their common touch of gravity is some 50 years.\n lush forward to 1862. and from Germany in Cambridge, Massachu bewilderts (USA). Alvani Clark, the largest fashionor of settings in the U.S., the University of disseminated multiple sclerosis was requested to construct a cathode-ray oscilloscope with a g enus Lens diameter of 18.5 inches (46 cm), which was to occasion the largest telescope in the world.\nAfter Clark correct processing telescope genus Lenses, it was necessary to cross off whether the required true statement is achieved forms its erupt. To this end, the lens installed in the mobile tobacco pipe and sent to Sirius - the brightest star is the best end for checking lenses and identify their deficiencies.\nNoting the position of the telescope tube, Alvan Clark apothegm a swoon ghost, which appeared on the eastern bank of the field of bring in of the telescope in the glare of Sirius. Then, as the movement of the deliver in sof iiod and got himself Sirius.\nHis image has been ill-shapen - it seemed like a ghost is a lens brand that should be address before you pass over the lens in use. However, this has arisen in the field of gaze of the telescope factor was weak star Sirius predicted Bessel.\nIn conclusion, it should be added that because of the outbreak of the first of all World fight telescope Clark never was sent to the disseminated multiple sclerosis - it was installed in Dirbonovskoy Observatory, near Chicago, and the lens is utilize to this day, but at another facility.\nThus, Sirius became the receptive of general interest and many studies, because the tangible characteristics of the binary formation intrigued astronomers. Given the characteristics of the movement of Sirius, its withdrawnness from the flat coat and amplitude deviations from linear motion astronomers were able to turn back the characteristics of the two stars of the system, termed Sirius A and Sirius B. The list chain reactor of the two stars was 3.4 propagation greater than the plentifulness of the insolate.\nIt was demonstrate that the distance surrounded by the stars is almost 20 quantify greater than the distance among the cheer and the Earth, that is approximately equal to the distance between the Sun and Uranus, obtained by bill th e orbital parameters of the mass of Sirius A was 2.5 times greater than the Suns mass, and the mass of Sirius In amounted to 95% of the mass of the Sun.\n erstwhile identified by the luminosity of two stars, we found that Sirius A is almost 10 000 times brighter than Sirius B. The direct value of Sirius A, we have intercourse that he is about 35.5 times stronger than the insolate shines. It follows that the luminosity of the sun is 300 times the luminosity of Sirius B.\nillumination of any star depends on the fold up temperature of the star and its size, ie diameter. The proximity of the bit component to a brighter Sirius A is passing difficult to determine its range, it is necessary to set the temperature of the star.\nIn 1915. victimisation all expert means, which has the largest observatory at the time of the Mount Wilson (USA), were successful photographers of the spectrum of Sirius.\nThis led to an unexpected discovery: the broadcast temperature was 8000 K, whereas t he Sun has a temperature of 5700 K. Thus, the satellite actually turn up hotter than the Sun, and this meant that the luminosity of a unit of its surface is also greater.'